人教版七年级下册英语知识点

2023年12月14日20:37:44初中英语163阅读模式

人教版七年级下册英语知识点

Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?

  • 情态动词+V原  can do= be able to do
  • Play+ the+ 乐器

+球类,棋类

  • join 参加社团、组织、团体
  • 4个说的区别:say+内容

Speak+语言

Talk 谈论 talk about sth   talk with sb   talk to sb

Tell 告诉,讲述 tell sb (not)to do sth

Tell stories/ jokes

  • want= would like +(sb)to do sth
  • 4个也的区别:too 肯定句末 (前面加逗号)

Either否定句末(前面加逗号)

Also 行前be 后

As well 口语中(前面不加逗号)

  • be good at+ V-ing=do well in 擅长于

be good for 对…有益  (be bad for对…有害)

be good to 对…友好  (good 可用friendly,nice,kind替换)

be good with和…相处好=get on/ along well with

  • 特殊疑问句的构成:疑问词+一般疑问句
  • How/ what about+V-ing   …怎么样?(表建议)

10,感官动词(look, sound, taste, smell, feel)+adj/ like

11,选择疑问句:回答不能直接用Yes或者No,要从中选择一个回答

12,students wanted for school show(wanted表示招募,含有被动意义)

13,show sth to sb=show sb sth     give sth to sb=give sb sth

14,help sb (to)do sth

Help sb with sth

With sb’s help= with the help of sb

Help oneself to 随便享用

15,be busy doing sth/ be busy with sth

16,need to do sth

17,be free= have time

18,have friends= make friends

19,call sb at +电话号码

20,on the weekend= on weekends

21,English-speaking students 说英语的学生(带有连词符,有形容词性质)

22,do kung fu表演功夫

 

Unit 2 What time do you go to school?

  • 问时间用what time或者when

At+钟点    at 7 o’clock      at noon/ at night(during/ in the day)

On+ 具体某天、星期、特指的一天   on April 1st   on Sunday   on a cold winter morning

In +年、月、上午、下午、晚上

  • 时间读法:顺读法

逆读法:分钟≤30用past    five past eight(8:05) half past eight(8:30)

分钟>30用to      a quarter to ten(9:45)

整点用 …o’clock     7 o’clock(7:00)

3,3个穿的区别:wear 表状态,接服装、手套、眼镜、香水等

Put on 表动作,接服装

Dress 表动作,接sb/ oneself         get dressed穿衣

  • 感叹句:How+adj+主谓!

How+adj+a/an +n单+主谓!

What+ a/an +adj+ n单+主谓!

What+ adj+ n复/ 不可数+主谓!

  • from…to…
  • be/ arrive late for
  • 频度副词(行前be 后)

Always  usually   often   sometimes  seldom  hardly  never

7,一段时间前面要用介词for    for half an hour    for five minutes

  • eat/ have… for breakfast/ lunch/ dinner/ supper
  • either…or

10,a lot of=lots of

11,it is +adj+for sb +to do sth (adj修饰to do sth)It is important for me to learn English.

it is +adj+of sb +to do sth (adj修饰sb) It is kind/ friendly/ nice of you to help me.

 

Unit 3 How do you get to school?

  • 疑问词

How 如何(方式)

how long 多长(时间)答语常用“(For/ about +)时间段”

how far多远(距离)答语常用“(It’s +)数词 +miles/ meters/ kilometers”

how often多久一次(频率)答语常用“Always/ often/ every day/…”或 “次数+时间”等表频率的状语

How soon多快,多久以后,常用在将来时中。答语常用“in +时间段”

how many多少(接可数名词)   how much(接不可数名词)

why为什么(原因)  what什么   when何时

who谁 whom谁(宾格)(针对宾语提问也可用who)  whose谁的

  • 宾语从句要用陈述句语序
  • Stop sb from doing sth

Stop to do 停下来去做其他事

Stop doing 停止正在做的事

  • what do you think of/ about…?= how do you like…?你认为…怎么样?
  • He is 11 years old.

He is an 11-year-old boy.

  • many students= many of the students
  • be afraid of sth     be afraid to do sth     worry about      be worried about 担心
  • play with sb
  • come true

10,have to do sth

11,he is like a father to me (like像)

12,leave离开    leave for 出发前往某地

13,cross 是动词    across是介词

14,thanks for +n/ V-ing

Thanks for your help/ thanks for helping me.

Thanks for your invitation/ thanks for inviting/ asking me.

Thanks to幸亏,由于,因为

15,4个花费:人+spend/ spends/ spent+时间/钱+(in)doing sth/ on sth

人+pay/ pays/ paid +钱+for sth

It takes/ took sb +时间+to do sth

物+cost/ costs/ cost +sb +钱

16,交通方式

  • 用介词。在句子中做方式状语。

①by +交通工具名词(中间无需任何修饰)

By bus/ bike/ car/ taxi/ ship/ boat/ plane/ subway/ train……

②by +交通路线的位置

By land/ water/ sea/ air

③in/ on +冠词/物主代词/指示代词 +交通工具名词

In a/ his/ the car

On a/ his/ the bus/ bike/ship/ train/ horse/ motorbike

④on foot 步行

  • 用动词。在句子中做谓语。

①take + a/ the +交通工具名词

take a bus/ plane/ ship/ train

ride a bike

②walk/ drive/ ride/ fly to……(后面接here,there,home等地点副词时,省略介词to。)如步行回家:walk home

17,名词所有格

一般情况加s          Toms pen

以s结尾加    the teachers office     ten days holiday

表示几个人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加s    Mike and John’s desk

表示每个人各自拥有,在每个名词后加s        Mike’s and John’s desks

 

Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.

1,祈使句(变否定在句首+don’t)

Be型(be +表语),否定形式:don’t + be +表语        Be quiet,please.   Don’t be late!

Do型(实义动词+其他),否定形式:don’t +实义动词+其他

Come here,please.   Don’t play football here.

Let型(let sb do sth),否定形式:don’t + let sb do sth或者let sb not do sth

No+n/ V-ing   No photos /mobile;No parking/ smoking/ spitting/ talking/ picking of flowers

2,in class在课堂上    in the classroom 在教室

3,be on time准时

4,listen to music

5,(have a)fight with sb

  • eat outside
  • Must 与have to

(1)must 表示说话人主观上的看法,意为“必须”。 have to 表示客观的需要或责任,意为“不得不,必须”,后接动词原词。

(2)must没有人称,时态和数的变化Have to 有人称,数,时态的变化,其第三人称单数形式为 has to ,过去式为had to. 构成否定句或疑问句时借助动词do/ does。

(3)have to的否定式是needn’t=don’t / doesn’t have to (不必要);must的否定式是must not/ mustn’t(一定不能,不允许)。

  • Some of…

10,bring…to…

11,practice (doing)sth

12,wash/ do the dishes

13,on school days/ nights

14,break/ follow(obey)the rules

15,Be strict with sb/ oneself       be strict in sth对……严格。

16,too many“太多”修饰可数名词复数

too much“太多”修饰不可数名词

much too“实在太”修饰形容词或副词

17,make one’s/ the bed

18,get to, arrive in/at, reach,到达(如果后面接地点的副词home,here或there ,就不用介词in ,at, to)

19,remember/ forget+to do要做

+doing做过

20,have fun,enjoy oneself,have a good/ great/ wonderful time+V-ing

 

Unit 5 Why do you like pandas?

  • 回答why的提问要用because

2,Kind of 相当于副词,修饰形容词或副词,意为“稍微,有点”,与a little/ bit 相近

A kind of 意为“一种”,some kinds of 意为“几种”,all kinds of 意为“各种各样的”。这里的kind 是“种,类,属”的意思。

3,Why not =Why don’t you+V原   你为什么不…?

4,walk on one’s legs/ hands    on 意为“用…方式行走”

5,all day =the whole day整天

6,来自be/ come from    where do they come from?=where are they from?

7,more than=over超过     less than 少于

8,once    twice    three times

9,be in great danger

10,one of…     …之一  +名词复数

11,get lost

12,with/ without  有/ 没有    介词

13,a symbol of

14,由…制造 be made of能看出原材料

be made from 看不出原材料

be made in+地点   表产地

15,cut down 砍到   动副结构(代词必须放中间,名词可放中间或者后面)

 

Unit 6 I’m watching TV.

1,现在进行时

其结构为be的现在式(am, is, are+ 现在分词(V-ing)

否定形式在be后面加not,疑问式将be动词提前

2,动词-ing形式的构成:

一般情况+ing;以不发音的e结尾的,去e加ing;重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写辅音字母再加ing

  • go to the movies
  • join sb for sth与某人一起做某事    join us for dinner
  • live with sb        live in+地点
  • other,another与the other

Other “其他的,另外的”,后接名词复数,有时other+n复数=others

Another “又一(个),另一(个)”,泛指总数为三个或三个以上中的任意一个,后接名词单数

The other“(两者中的)另一个”,常与one连用,“one…the other…”表示“一个…,另一个…”

  • talk on the phone
  • wish to do sth
  • Here is+ n单      Here are+ n 复

 

Unit 7 It’s raining!

  1. 询问天气的表达方式:

How’s the weather? It’s a raining/sunny day.     It’s raining.

What’s the weather like? It’s windy.

  • play computer games
  • How’s it/ everything going?=How have you been?
  • In/ at the park
  • Take a message for sb 替人留言

Leave a message to sb 给人留言

  • call sb back
  • right now,right away,at once,in a minute,in a moment,in no time 立刻,马上
  • right now现在         just now刚刚(用于一般过去式)
  • over and over again

10,the answer to the question,a key to the door,a ticket to the ball game

11,by the pool

12,summer vacation

13,go on a vacation去度假    be on a vacation在度假

14,write (a letter)to sb

15,反意疑问句(陈述句+附加疑问句)

反意疑问句中,陈述句用的肯定,后面的附加疑问句就要用否定;相反,陈述句用的否定,附加疑问句就要用肯定。

16,adj  以-ing结尾“令人…的”exciting,interesting,relaxing

以-ed结尾“人感到…的”excited,interested,relaxed

17,in the first picture

18,dry干燥的     humid潮湿的

 

Unit 8 Is there a post office near here?

1,There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.
There are +复数名词+地点状语.
谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致(就近原则)
There be句型的否定式在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同:not是副词,no为形容词,not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.

There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首

There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”

2,问路:Is/ Are there ……near here/ around here/ in the neighborhood?

Where is/ are……?

③How can I get to……?

④Could/Can you tell me the way to……

⑤Which is the way to……

3,Across,cross,through,over

Across是介词,“横过,在对面”表示从物体表面穿过

Cross是动词,相当于go/ walk across

Through是介词,表示从物体中间或里面穿过 go through the door

Over是介词,“横过,越过”表示从物体上空越过,跨过 fly over

4,ask for help/ advice

5,in/ on the street

6,在某条大街上习惯用介词on   on Bridge Street

7,across from,next to,between…and…,behind

8,in front of在…(外部的)前面→behind在…后面    in the front of在…(内部的)前面

9,be in town→be out of town

10,be far from

11,go/ walk along    go straight     go up/ down

12,turn left/right

13,on one’s/ the left

14,at the first crossing/ turning

15,sometimes 有时(频度副词)   sometime(将来)有朝一日,(曾经)某天

Some times 几次,几倍     some time 一段时间(前面用介词for)

16,free 空闲的  free time

自由的  as free as a fish

免费的  The best things in life are free.

17,enjoy doing

18,Time goes quickly.

19,表“一些”在肯定句中用some. 在疑问句和否定句中用any。

特殊用法:some可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中。

any也可用于肯定句中,表示"任何的"。

 

Unit 9 What does he look like?

1,what does he look like?询问人长什么样,回答:①主语+be+形容词/ 介词短语(he is tall/ of medium height);②主语+have/has+形容词+名词(she has long hair)

what does sb like?询问某人喜欢什么

2,多个形容词修饰名词

多个形容词修饰名词,一般关系近的靠近名词;音节少的在前,音节多的在后。

限定词+数词(序前基后)+描绘性形容词+大小、长短、高低+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词

3,May be 为情态动词+动词原形,在句子中做谓语,maybe是副词,表示可能,大概,一般放在句首。

4,a little,little修饰不可数名词,a little表示一点点,little表示几乎没有

a few,few修饰可数名词,a few表示一点点,few表示几乎没有

5, Find 强调找到的结果,look for 强调寻找的过程.

6,问职业:what do you do?=what is your job?

7,the same as→be different

8,long straight brown hair

9,最后in the end(表事情结局)finally(强调次序)at last(强调经多番努力终于达成)

By the end of 直到……为止

At the end of在……末端/尽头

 

Unit 10 I’d like some noodles.

  • 名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词(不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数)。

可数名词又分单数和复数。1一般+s;2以-s,-x,-ch,sh结尾的名词+es;3辅音+y,把y变i,再+es;4以-o结尾的,有生命的+es(negro—negroes;hero—heroes;tomato—tomatoes;potato—potatoes);无生命的+s;⑤以f,fe 结尾的名词,改f,fe为v+es(leaf—leaves;knife—knives)(例外:roofs,chiefs)⑥单复数同形:sheep,deer.不规则变化:man—men;woman—women;child—children;foot—feet;tooth—teeth等

2,would like sth. 想要某物

Would you like some …? 你想要一些……吗? ——Yes, please./ ——No, thanks.

would like to do sth. “想要做某事”。

Would you like to … ? 你愿意去做……吗?

—Yes, I’d like / love to./—I’d like/ love to. But I’m too busy.

would like sb to do sth “想要某人做某事”。

3,order:order food    take/ have one’s order

In order to为了

In the order按顺序

Order/ book a room 预定房间

Order sb(not)to do sth命令

4,special和especial

Special特别的人或事物,特别的,特殊的,specials特色菜;specially专门地,特地

Especial特别的,突出的,especially特别,尤其

5, the number of表示“……的数量”,后面接可数名词复数。做主语时,主语是number而不是of后面的名词复数,因此谓语动词要用单数;

a number of表示“许多”,相当于many, 后面接可数名词复数,做主语时,主语不是number而是of后面的名词复数,因此谓语动词要用复数。

Number前可用large,great,small修饰,不能用little。

6,仍然,还:still(肯定句)

Yet(疑问句、否定句)

7,one bowl of      two bowls of

8,what size(+n)would you like?   Large/ medium/ small

9,what kind of

10,大:big 体格大、笨重→small,little   形容具体的人或物

Huge物体体积巨大=very big

Large物体面积、空间、范围、数量大→small    不修饰人

Great重大事件或行为,伟大,具有感情色彩

11,肯定句中表并列用and         否定句、疑问句中表并列用or

12,around the world= all over the world

13,make a wish

14,blow out

15,in/ at one go

16,get popular

17,cut up(动副结构)

18,bring good luck to

19,different kinds of

20,be short of缺乏

 

Unit 11 How was your school trip?

1,一般过去时

基本结构:主语+动词过去式+其他;

否定形式:①was / were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原动词;

一般疑问句:①Was/Were+主语+其他?②Did+主语+动词原形+其他?

2,动词过去式规则变化:直接加ed;以不发音e结尾的单词,直接加d;以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加ed;以元音字母+y结尾的,直接加ed;以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母+ed

不规则变化的动词过去式(见书本最后一页)

  • How was your school trip?= what was your schooltrip like?
  • Go for a walk
  • Milk a cow
  • Ride a horse
  • Quite a lot
  • Show sb around
  • 并列谓语的时态和数必须一致。

10,In the countryside

11,after that

12,come out

13,go on school trip

14,along the way

15,buy/ get sb sth= buy/ get sth for sb

16,all in all

17,否定转移(主语为第一人称I 或者we时)think,believe,suppose

18,be interested in +n/ v-ing

19,not at all

20,diary entry

21,Something意为“某事,有些事”;

anything意为“任何事,任何东西”;

everything意为“每一件事”(其后的谓语动词要用单数);

nothing意为“没事,什么事都没有”。

 

Unit 12 What did you do last weekend?

  • go+V-ing与do some +V-ing

go+V-ing表示“去从事某种活动”(一般指户外)go shopping/ swimming/ skating/ dancing/ skiing/ climbing/ camping/ hiking……

do some +V-ing 表示“从事某种活动”(一般指室内)do some writing/ washing/ cooking/ cleaning/ reading……

  • go to the cinema
  • camp by the lake
  • study for a test     study for the Englishtest
  • work as a guide
  • living habits
  • stay up late
  • shout at sb 因生气或愤怒向某人吼叫;

shout to sb 对某人大声叫喊,目的是让人听见

  • run away

10,fly a kite

11,adj修饰不定代词 adj要放后面   something important,anything interesting

12,take sb to…  带某人去……

13,put up tents

14,make a fire

15,on the first night

16,each other

17,get a terrible surprise

18,finish doing

19,look out of…从……朝外看(window,door……)

look out at sth 向外眺望……

look out for 留神、注意、小心、关心

20,feel/ watch/ see/ hear sb do sth强调整个过程

feel/ watch/ see/ hear sb doing sth强调动作正在进行

21,jump up and down

22,wake up

23,so +adj +that +结果状语从句“如此……以致……”

eg:I was so busy that I didn’t go to sleep for 3 days.

The weather was so cold that they had to stay at home.

The coat is so expensive that I don’t want to buy it.

so that 引导目的状语从句,以便,为了(in order to)

eg:they got up early so that they could catch the early bus.

I raise my voice so that I can make myself heard.

 

 

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