中考英语必考知识点

2024年1月3日21:05:07初中英语159阅读模式

一、冠词:

(1)a/an 的区分:

注意以“U”开头的单词。如果发字母u本身的音/ju:/,前面加a:a useful book, a university, a usual chair;如果发以外的音,前面加an:an unusual chair, an unimportant meeting, an unforgetable experience

(2) 球类运动和三餐饭前不加the

play football , play table tennis乐器前加the

play the violin,play the piano

(3)a—一个,the—那个

二、介词:

(1) 介词+doing 介词+ 代词宾格形式 Neither of us is late.

The book is for you.   The knife is used for cutting things.

Tom is sitting between him and me.(禁用“I”)

关联记忆:介意 Mind + doing

Would you mind my smoking here?

(2) on in at 的用法:

表时间:on(天优先,只要涉及天的概念就用on); in(时段); at (时刻)

on the morning of April 1st.   on a rainy night 在一个雨天的夜晚

at the same time

(3) 表伴随:

with / without ,或doing   She is a girl with long hair.

She is a girl wearing a new dress.

(4)表方式: by bike,on foot 没有冠词“a”或名词复数

What time is it by your watch?   The boss pays us by week.

He beat her with a book.(with后要带a或复数)

speak in English    Write in ink

(5)介词(不加the)+名词

at table 在桌旁,且在吃饭(两层意思)at the table 在桌旁,具体干什么不清楚

at school   in the school

三、时态

时态一致:从句与主句时态一致

He said he had been there for an hour.

He said the sun is bigger than the moon.(自然规律自然现象用一般现在时态)

He said the moon is running around the earth.(错误,应改为一般现在时态)

时态一致之时态变异(必考):

A——瞬间动词的-ing形式表将来

The plane is taking off in an hour.   The old man is dying.(将要死了)

B——条件状语从句:一般现在时表将来

I don't know if he will come tomorrow.    If he comes, I will call you.

I will ring you as soon as I finish my work.

I won’t go out until my homework is done.

四、感叹句

考生须掌握how和what引导的感叹句的基本句型,并且熟悉一些常用形容词和副词的拼写。

要点归纳:

  • what + a / an +adj. +单数名词(+ 主语+ 谓语)!
  • What +adj. +复数名词(+主语+ 谓语)!
  • What+adj. +不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!

常考的几个不可数名词:food,news,weather,fun,music,work,information,advice,suggestion。

注意:what引导的感叹句,主语+谓语可以省略。

  • How + adj. +a / an + 单数名词(+主语+谓语)!
  • How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!
  • How + 句子!

五、连词:

(1) 连词现象:

Although ,though 与but通常不连用because 与 so 不连用 if (如果)与then 不连用

(2) 就近一致连词

neither...nor , either...or ,not only...but also  not...but...

(3) 连接句子与to do 形式

because +句子(有完整主谓结构)because of +介词宾语(名词等)

in order to do (in order not to do )   in order that +句子

so as to    so as that +句子   so...that +句子

too...to do    enough to do    so good a book that +句子

such a good book that+句子   so good that+句子

(4) 重要联词的应用

unless(=if not)除非   or 否则(威胁,劝告)  as if / as though (仿佛)

even if / even though (即使)   not...until (直到...才)

六、宾语从句:

考查形式:单项、完成句子

考察难度:考察全面,考查必须掌握引导词、时态和语序这三个要素。

要点归纳:

  • 陈述语序
  • 时态:主句为一般现在时,______________________________

时态:主句为一般过去时,______________________________

  • that, whether, if, what, who, which, whose, when, where ect.
  • 宾语从句的简化:但主句的主语和从句的主语为同一人时, 从句可以简化为疑问词+不定式。

七、动词:

考查形式:时态、情态动词、动词短语、分词做形容词、非谓语动词

考查难度“动词是词法的核心,考查范围较大,难度较大

  • 时态要点归纳

考点一:主将从现(在状语从句已经提到)

考点二:现在完成时4大用法:结果,延续,经历,移位

时间标志:for + 时间段、since+ 时间点/一般过去时的句子、already、yet、every、never、“How long…?”、含有“time”表示次数的句子中

要点归纳:

区分: have been to + 地点 __________________________

have gone to + 地点 _________________________

have been in + 地点+ for + 时间段 __________________________

瞬间动词与延续性动词间的转换:

die – be dead     buy—have    borrow—keep     leave/go—be away(from)

make friends—be friends     begin/start—be on

arrive/get to/reach/come—be in/be at/stay

join (the Party)—be a (Party) member /be in (the Party)

核心句型:It is + 时间+since+一般过去时的句子

考点三:过去进行时(在时间状语从句中考查)

考点四:一般现在时(客观真理)、一般过去时(在宾语从句中考查)

  • 情态动词归纳

情态动词有:must, have to, had better, can, could, be able to, may, might, need, will, would, shall, should + 动词原形

考点一:must  can 表示推测的运用

 

 

考点二:mustn’t的运用,意思是_______________________________________________

 

考点三:情态动词一般疑问句的回答

Must ……?   Yes, S + must.     No, S +needn’t

Need…….?   Yes, S + may     No, S + musn’t

八、非谓语动词归纳:

和介词一样非常灵活,在句法中,不作谓语,所有句子成分都可充当。

只考查动词不定式、动名词作宾语

To + do   ( 否定式———not + to + do)

  • 只能接to +do的动词有:decide, agree, hope, want, refuse, plan, need, wish +to do
  • 有些动词加 to do 做宾语补足语,常见的有:

Ask, tell, want, teach + sb. +to do +sth.

  • 加 to + do 的重点句型有:
  • It takes sb. Some time/money to do sth.  做某事花费某人多少时间、金钱
  • It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth.   做某事怎样
  • Would you like to….?

4、后接省略to的动词不定式的动词有

一感(feel)二听(hear, listen to)三让(have, make, let)五看(watch, ,see, look at, notice, observe),半个帮助(help可以带to,也可以省略)

改为被动语态时,to要还原

例如:This little boy is made to clean his bedroom every week.

  • 省略to的情况有
  • 情态动词后
  • Why not/why don’t you
  • Would rather…than…

Doing (否定式———not doing)

  • 加doing作非谓语动词常考的有:enjoy,mind,suggest,miss,admit,deny,imagine,practice+doing sth.
  • 加doing的情况有:
  • 介词后+doing  例如:give up doing sth., be interested in doing sth.等
  • Feel lilke + doing (喜欢做某事)/prefer doing sth. to doing sth.(更喜欢…..)
  • To作介词时的几个常用短语:look forward to/be used to/pay attention to + doing
  • 既可加to do 也可加doing,并意思相近的动词有:begin, start, like, love, hate
  • 既可加to do 也可加doing,但意思不同的动词有:

Forget to do   忘记去做某事(事情还没有做)

Forget doing    忘记做过某事(事情已经做了,但是忘了)

Remember to do   记得去做某事(事情还没有做)

Remember doing   记得做过某事(事情已经做了)

Regret to do    (对将要做的事)遗憾

Regret doing    (对已经做过的事)遗憾

Stop to do     停下来去做某事(去另外一件事情)

Stop doing    停止做某事(停止正在做的事情)

归纳记忆:stop…from + doing = prevent… from doing

Try to do    尽力做某事  (区分:manage to do 设法做某事)

Try doing    尝试去做某事

Keep/go on to do   继续去做某事(停止原来做的事情而继续另一件事情)

Keep/go on doing   继续做同一件事情

Mean to do = plan to do   打算/计划去做某事

Mean doing   意味着做某事

重点区分下列搭配:

See / watch sb. do sth. 看到、看着某人做某事(已做了)

See / watch sb. doing sth.  看到、看着某人正在做某事(在做)

Hear / notice sb. do sth.  听到/注意到某人做某事(已做了)

Hear / notice sb. doing sth.  听到/注意到某人正在做某事(在做)

关注:have sth. done/ get sth. done          need doing / want doing

九、情景交际:

纵观近几年中考,情景交际题都位于单选最后一题,所占分值一分。

﹣We can invite Nick and Nora to Shanghai Disneyland with us.

﹣          ?I’ll give them a call right now.(2014苏州中考 )

A.Why not B.What for C.Why D.What

 

—Shall we go fishing at six o'clock tomorrow morning?(2015苏州中考)

—______.Will seven o’clock be OK?

A.Sure, it’s up to you                B. Sure, no problem

C.Sorry, I can’t make it D. Sorry, I’m not available

 

—I’d like to choose yellow as the colour of our bedroom .(2016苏州中考)

—           . The colour brings me a warm and comfortable feeling .

  1. No way         B. Sounds great        C. In your dreams      D. I can’t decide

 

十、形容词 副词

  1. A+ as +adj / adv的原级+ as +B 表示 “A和B一样”

A +not+as/so+形容词原级+as+B 表示 “A不如B…”

  1. “甲+形容词/副词的比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”(可以修饰比较级的词.

much,a lot,far,…的多a little,a bit,…一点儿even甚至,still仍然)

  1. the +序数词+形容词的最高级+单数名词
  2. one of +the +形容词的最高级+复数名词

5.“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,越……”

十一、名词辨析

instruction   introduction   invitation  invention  direction   …

feeling   sense

view    scene

十二、动词词组

turn on  turn off   turn up   turn down   turn out

put on  put off  put up  put in  put out  put away   put through

break down   break out   break into

cut in   cut out   cut down

 

get up  put up  turn up  stay up  make up  set up  tidy up  pick up  look up  take up  wake up   eat up   come up with   grow up   give up

 

break out   put out  find out   come out  carry out   hand out   work out  turn out   try out for   run out  look out

 

break down  come down   calm down   write down  cut down   turn down

十三你、代词

  1. 人称代词(belong to)
  2. 物主代词
  3. 反身代词(help oneself to sth,make oneself at home, enjoy oneself…)
  4. 指示代词(that、those)
  5. 不定代词

one、it

a few, few , a little, little

none, nothing, on one

both /neither /either /all / none / any

other /the other /others /the others/another

  some any no every
thing something anything nothing everything
one someone anyone no one everyone
body somebody anybody nobody everybody

十四、特殊疑问词

How long

How soon

How far

How often

How many/much

十五、反义疑问句

  1. 前肯后否,前否后肯
  2. 注意回答
  3. 否定词:never , few , little , hardly ,no ,seldom ,nobody ,nothing,tooto (反义词不是否定词如dislike,unhappy)
  4. 祈使句的反意疑问句为 will you ? Lets 的反意疑问句为 shall we ?

 

十六、被动语态

1.一般现在时的被动语态:am /is/ are +动词的过去分词

2.一般过去时的被动语态:was /were +动词的过去分词

3.一般将来时的被动语态:will be +动词的过去分词

4.现在完成时的被动语态:have /has +been +动词的过去分词

5.情态动词的被动语态:情态动词 + be +动词的过去分词

  1. 有些词组没有被动语态:sell well , write well ,ride well ,drive well
  2. 系动词是没有被动语态:look, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste ….

8.need表示需要时,后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义,相当于to be done .

  1. 动词:make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch ,改为被动语态时加to。

 

十七、数词

  1. 逢十词尾加-ty :twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety
  2. 表年龄: in one’s + 整十的复数   表示在某人几十岁时
  3. 若hundred / thousand /million /billion 前有基数词时,其后不加s,也不加of .若没有时 ,既加s 也要带of .
  4. 几个半的表达法: two and a half hours  = two hours and a half
  5. 分数词的表达法:

a).分子用基数词,分母用序数词.

b).当分子大于1时,分母加复数.

c)分数词作主语时, 谓语动词根据分数词后面的名词来确定.

十八、主谓一致

  1. 由并列结构或连词(either…or, neither…nor,not…but, not only…but also, or等)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与较近的那个名词或代词保持一致。
  2. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with,with,as well as,together with, besides,except, but, including等短语时 ,谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。
  3. 词组“a number of”作主语时,谓语动词应用复数;“the number of”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
  4. 英语的集体名词(family, public, group, team, class等词),指代“整体”时为单数;指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。
  5. 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时,通常被视作整体,谓语动词用单数。

6.“the +姓氏名词的复数”表示“一家人、….夫妇”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。

7.“the +形容词(old /young /rich /poor )”表示“一类人”,作主语时,谓语用复数。

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