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01词汇讲解
- build
(1)build作名词意为“体格,体型”。例如:
a man of strong build 一个体格健壮的人
(2)build 作动词意为“建造,建设,建立”。例如:
We are building a house.
我们正在建造一个房子。
- a little bit , a bit&a little
作状语表示“有点,一点”时,三者可以通用。但a little bit 的程度比后两者稍弱一些。例如:
Today is a little bit/ a bit / a little hot. 今天有点热。
a bit 加上of可以和a little 一样修饰不可数名词,例如:
He only has a little / a bit of money. 他只有一点钱。
- short
short 作形容词,意为“短的,矮的”。
(1)short 作“短的”讲时,可以指距离、时间、物体的“短”,反义词是long(长的)。例如:
This pencil is short, but that one is long. 这支铅笔短,但是那支长。
(2)short 作“矮的”讲时,可以指人的个子矮,反义词是tall(高的)。例如:
He is a short man. 他是一个身材矮小的人。
- straight
(1)straight 作形容词,意为“直的”,可用来形容头发,也可用来形容其他事物,在句子中可以作定语也可以做表语。例如:
a straight line 一条直线
She has long straight hair. 她长着长长的直发。
(2)straight 还可以作副词,意为“直地,直接地”,常在动词短语后修饰动词。例如:
Let’s go straight home. 让我们直接回家。
Sit up straight, please. 请坐直。
- maybe&may be
(1)maybe是副词,主要用于非正式场合,口语中常用,意为“也许,大概”。它通常放在句子的开头,在句子中作状语。例如:
Maybe they won’t come here tonight. 他们大概今晚不会来这儿。
Maybe she is happy. 也许她是幸福的。
(2)may be是“情态动词may+动词原形be”构成的,在句中做谓语,意为“可能是、大概是”。例如:
She may be at home. 她可能在家。(也可以说:Maybe she is at home.)
You may be right. 你可能是对的。(也可以说:Maybe you are right.)
- glasses
(1)glasses 意为“眼镜”,常用复数形式,表示“一副眼镜”时用a pair of glasses。例如:
Her grandma always wears a pair of glasses.
她祖母总是戴着一副眼镜。
(2)glass作“玻璃杯”讲时,是可数名词,其复数形式是glasses; 作“玻璃”讲时,是不可数名词。例如:
Be careful of the glass. 小心玻璃。
There are two glasses of water on the table. 桌子上有两杯水。
- each&every
(1)each和every都可以用作形容词,作定语,修饰单数可数名词,但each强调个体,而every强调整体。例如:
Each child gets a present. 每一个孩子都得到一份礼物。
Every student has a pen. 每个学生都有一支钢笔。
= All students have pens.
(2)each指两个或两个以上中的每一个;而every指三个或三个以上中的每一个,不能指两个中的。例如:
There are trees on each side of the road.
马路的两边都有树。
I go out for a walk every day.
我每天都出去散步。
(3)each可作代词,作主语或宾语,可与of直接连用,而every则只能作形容词。例如:
Each of us has a ticket. 我们每人都有一张票。
口诀:
every指全体each强调单,each两个以上every三。
every指定each却不限,each同位every它不管。
every复合不接of短,each不与not句中现。
every,not句中若相连,部分否定理解难。
other可与every,each连,含义有别记心间。
- person&people
person 可数名词,有单、复数形式,着重指个人方面,可与不定冠词a或数词连用。例如:
He is a good person. 他是一个好人。
people 是一个集合名词,着重指全体方面。只用来表示复数概念,不能与不定冠词或数词one连用。例如:
Some people are playing games. 一些人在做游戏。
- tall&high
tall | 常指人、动物、树、建筑物等高,其反义词为short。 | a tall man 一个高个子男人
a tall building 一幢高楼 a tall tree 一棵高大的树 |
high | 多指山高,也指空间的位置或程度上高,还可指抽象意思上的“高”,如物价、速度、温度等方面的“高”,其反义词为low。 | a high mountain 一座高山
high prices 高价 |
- heavy
heavy 既可修饰物体,表示“沉重的”,也可以修饰人,表示“体胖的、重的”。用fat表达人胖时不太礼貌,委婉的说法是heavy,反义词为thin。例如:
The box is heavy. 这个箱子很重。
His sister is a little heavy. 他妹妹有一点胖。
拓展:heavy 还有“大(量)的,猛烈的”之意,用来表示雨或者雪很大,其副词为heavily。例如:
It’s raining heavily. 现在雨下的很大。
There will be a heavy snow. 将有一场大雪。
- enjoy
enjoy是及物动词,意为“享受……的乐趣; 欣赏;喜欢”。其用法如下:
enjoy sth.(名词或代词)
enjoy oneself(反身代词)=have a good time
enjoy doing sth.(只接v.-ing形式,不接 to do sth.)
例如:I enjoy the songs sung by Jay Chou. 我喜欢周杰伦的歌。
We enjoyed ourselves at the party.
昨晚的聚会,我们玩得很高兴。
In my class, most of the students enjoy singing English songs.
在我们班,大多数学生喜欢唱英语歌。
- turn
(1)turn 做动词时,可以做行为动词也可以做连系动词。做行为动词时,意为“转弯,转身,翻转,旋转”;作连系动词时,意为“变得……”,主要强调变化或转变成与以前不同的东西。例如:
Turn left at the end of the road. (行为动词)
在路的尽头左转。
The leaves turn yellow. 叶子变黄了。(连系动词)
(2)turn 还可以作名词,意为“轮流,顺序”。例如:
It’s your turn to clean the room.
轮到你打扫房间了。
练一练:
Ⅰ. 根据句意,用划线单词的反义词或对应词填空。
- Jim lives in a small house but Tom lives in a _______ one.
- Tom’s hair is curly, but his sister’s hair is ______.
- There is a short boy under the ______ tree.
- My hair is long, but her hair is ______.
- Mr. Black is old, but his brother is ______.
Ⅱ. 根据句意、汉语意思或首字母提示补全单词。
- T______ right at the second crossing and you’ll find the cinema.
- My sister has a m______ build, and she has long hair.
- She wants to be a great a______ because she likes acting.
- I have to go on a diet (节食) because I’m already a little h______.
- Her eyesight (视力)isn’t good, so she wears g______.
- Open your m______. Let me have a look.
- I am a girl. I have a r______ face and a small n_____.
- He is going to learn painting. To be an a______ is his dream.
- Who is your favorite s______? Why do you like his or her song?
- Let’s go to the cinema t_______. We’ll meet at the gate after school.
Ⅲ. 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
- I _____________(real) like black.
- She enjoys _______ (listen) to the music after class.
- What does Tom______ (look) like?
- He wants to be an ______ ( act).
- We each ______ (have) a pen.
- The man speaks English quite _______ (difference) from others.
- The boy often goes _______ (swim) in that river in summer.
- Nobody ______ (like) his new look.
- There are three ______ (person) in my family.
- What’s your ______ (high)?
Ⅳ.选词填空。
- Paul has _______ (little/few) friends here, so he often feels lonely.
- There is only_______(a little/ a bit) water in the bottle.
- The ______ (person / people) in a sweater is a worker.
- The Chinese ______ (persons / people) are hard-working and friendly.
- There are many trees and flowers on ______ (each/ every) side of the street.
- In our school, the students _______ (every / each) has an ID card.
- ______(Maybe/May be) he is a teacher.
- He ______ (maybe/ may be) a teacher.
- The mountain is very ______ (tall/high).
- Most British high school children_______ (dress/ wear/ put on) uniforms(制服) at school.
参考答案:
Ⅰ. 根据句意,用划线单词的反义词或对应词填空。
- big/large 2. straight 3. tall 4. short 5. young
Ⅱ. 根据句意和首字母提示补全单词。
- Turn 2. medium 3. actress 4. heavy 5. glasses
- mouth 7. Round,nose 8. artist
- singer 10. together/tonight
Ⅲ. 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
- really 2. listening 3. look 4. actor
- has 6. different 7. swimming
- likes 9. persons 10. height
Ⅳ.选词填空。
- few 2. a little 3. person 4. people 5. each
- each 7. Maybe 8. may be 9. high 10. wear
02句式精讲
- Excuse me.
- Then Joe draws a picture of the criminal, and the police put it in newspaper and on television to find him.
本句中的put是及物动词,意为“把……放在;摆,搁,安置”,常用于以下结构;
(1)put + 名词/代词+介词短语 例如:
Please put the book on the desk. 请把书放在桌子上。
(2)put + 名词/代词+副词(短语)例如:
Put the chair here, please. 请把那张椅子放在这里。
拓展:put的相关短语
put on 穿上(衣服)
put away 放好,把……收起来
put up 举起,张贴,搭建
put down 放下,写下
- He is of medium height.
He is of medium height/build.= He has a medium height/build.两句意思一样,但侧重点不同“be + of + 名词”结构,表示人或事物的特点,性质,相当于“be + 表示人物或者事物的特点、性质的形容词”。例如:
It is of great importance for us = It is important for us.
对于我们来说它很重要。
He has a medium build/height.
表示他有中等身材或身高,侧重于现状。
- Are you going to the movie tonight?
这是个现在进行时表示将来意义的句子。现在进行时可以表示将要发生的,计划或安排好的事情,这时使用的动词常为趋向性动词和表示位置转移的动词,如:come, go, arrive, leave, start, return等。另外,用现在进行时表示将来的句子里常有一个表示将来时间的状语,如:tonight, this afternoon, this evening, tomorrow等。例如:
The train is arriving soon. 火车就要到站了。
They’re leaving for Hong Kong this afternoon.
他们今天下午将动身去香港。
- 询问外貌和描述外貌的常用句型
(1)What+do/does+主语+look like?这个句型是用来询问某人的外貌特征,它的意思是“某人看上去怎么样?”,对这个句子的回答经常用“主语+be+形容词”或者“主语+have/has+名词”两种方式来回答。例如:
-What does your father look like? 你的爸爸看上去怎么样?
-He is short and thin. 他又矮又瘦。
拓展:What’s sb. like? 用来询问人的品质;What’s sth. like?用来询问事物的性质,特别是用来谈论天气状况。例如:
What’s Lily like? 莉莉是怎样的一个人?
What’s the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样?
(2)描述外貌常用的句型有:
1)主语+be+形容词 例如:
She is tall. 她很高。
2)主语+have/has +形容词+头发/五官 例如:
She has long hair. 她留着长发。
3)主语+be of+形容词+build/height 例如:
She is of medium build. 她中等身材。
- See you later then.
(1)See you later. 是英文中常用的告别语,英文初中常见的表示“再见”的说法有:
goodbye 再见(正式)
bye-bye 再见(非正式)
see you 再见(口语)
see you later 回头见(亲切)
so long再见(口语)
(2)句中的later是副词,意为“以后”,单独使用时,表示从过去算起的“以后”。例如:
Let’s stop now and finish it later. 现在停下来,以后再完成它。
later可以用于一段时间之后,可以表示从过去算起的多长时间“以后”,相当于“after+时间段”; later还可以用于一段时间之后,表示从将来算起的多长时间“以后”。例如:
I called again a week later/ after a week.
周后我又打了电话。
I’ll call her on March 8 and call again a week later.
我将在3月8日给她打个电话,过一周后我将再打个电话。