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- 形容词和副词的原级、比较级、最高级的构成
原级变比较级的规则变化：
①一般在词尾 +-er,-est
②以不发音的e结尾的词，在词尾+-r,-st
③“_________”结尾的重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母再+er，-est
④以“___________+y” 变y为i，再加 +er，-est
⑤多音节和部分双音节词，在词前+more或most
（注意：）
①以“ly”结尾的副词，除early外， 一般加more 或most.
②有些形容词有两种变化方式 如：
healthy---healthier---healthiest/ more healthy---most healthy
friendly----friendlier --- friendliest / more friendly ----most friendly
clever----cleverer---cleverest / more clever ----most clever
原级变比较级的不规则变化：
good/well---_________---___________
bad/badly/ill---_________---___________
many/much---_________---___________
little---_________---___________
far---_________---___________/---_________---___________
old---_________---___________/---_________---___________
写出下列形容词副词的比较级最高级
important__________________ easy__________________ happy__________________
thin__________________ good__________________hot______________________
easily__________________ many__________________ nice___________________
delicious__________________few __________________ little__________________
2.形容词和副词原级的用法
①肯定：_________________ “…和…一样”
(相当于：the same+n. as与……一个样)
You are as _______ as me.你和我一样高。
He has as _________books as I (have=do).他的书和我的书一样多。
②否定_________________________“…不如…”
（相当于：…less +原级 + than… “……不如/没有……”）
His jacket ______ _____ _____ ______ that one.这件夹克衫没有那件便宜。
She _______ ________ ________ _________ books as I have.
I don’t run so fast as you.
I run ______ _______ ______ you.
He doesn’t play the violin so ______ as his father. A.good B.better C.well D.best
③twice/数词times +as 原级 as“是……的几倍”
这个房间是我的房间的两倍。The room is ______ as _____ as mine=(my room).
你的苹果是我的苹果的四倍。________________________________.
④very/quite/so /as/too/really+原级
3.比较级基本句型：
①… 比较级 + than … “……比……更……”(than后加名词，代词或者句子)
This cake is _________________ （味更美）that one.
Li Lei sings ___________（比…更好）Jim.
He is two years _________(比…更大）me .
②“Which / Who is + 比较级， A or B？”
e.g. Which T-shirt is nicer, this one or that one?
③the+比较级+of the（ two ） : 两者中较…的一个
Of the twins, she was______ ________hard-working .
④ 比较级＋and＋比较级 “越来越…… “
或more and more+原级“越来越…… ”e.g. They talked ______ ____ _______ loudly.
越来越大________________ 越来越好________________ 越来越多________________
越来越少________________越来越坏________________越来越漂亮________________
越来越有趣________________ 越来越有用________________
⑤The比较级…,the＋比较级…“越…就越… ”
The _______________ (exercise) you do, the ___________(strong) you’ll be.
⑥比较级常与much, even, far, than, a little, a bit, a lot 等连用.
（注意：）
①常用 _______代单数可数名词,
____________代替复数名词,
__________代替不可数名词/可数名词单数.
e.g. The book here is newer than ______ ________ on the desk．
The apples on the tree are fresher than ________ in the box.
The weather in Wuhan is hotter than________ in Beijing.
②必须是同类事物之间的比较。
My house is much cleaner than _______.（=____ ______)
Peter is tall than Mike.
He speak English better than I(do).
He speak English better than me.(习惯用法)
③比较级前可用“数词+名词” 表示确定的度量。
e.g. I am (5 years) older than him．The room is (3 times) as large as that one.
单词讲解
1.both “两个都”
| both | “（两者）都” | （of）+n.复
both A and B |
Both (of) the boys are clever.
Both Tom and Sam are boys. |
| neither | “（两者）都不” | +n.单
+of+n.复+v.单/复数 neither A or B(____原则) |
Neither boy is clever。
Neither of the two boys is/are clever. Neither Tom or Sam _____ clever. |
| all | “（三者或以上）都” | 谓语单复数由所修饰的名词决定。 | All （of） the students are there.
All (of) the milk is there. |
| none | “（三者或以上）
都不” |
(常接表范围的of-短语)
+不可数n.+v.单 +of+n.复+v.单/复数 |
I like none of the flowers.
None of us like(s) the flower. |
考点一：实义动词之前，be 、助动词、情态动词之后
We ________ girls. A.are both B.. both are
We ________ apples. A. both like B. like both
考点二：both... and..."…和…两个都"、、"既…又…"连接两个主语时谓语用___数。
Both she and I ______ going to do the cleaning. A.am B.is C.are D.be
2.aloud, loud ,loudly 辨析
① aloud 强调发出的声音能被听见，意思为“出声地”或“大声地”，
常用 read ， call 等动词连用。例如： Please read the text aloud.
② loud 意为“响亮地”、“大声”或“高声地”，侧重发出的音量大，传得远，
常用 speak ， talk ， laugh 等动词。 loud 还可用作形容词。例如：
Speak ________, please, or no one will hear you. 请大声些，否则没人能听见。
③ loudly 意为“响亮地”，常与 ring ， knock 等动词连用。
loudly 放在动词前后均可，含有“喧闹”或“嘈杂”的意味。例如：
Suddenly the bell on the wall rang loudly. 突然，墙上的铃大声地响起来。
3.which “_______”,指_______.(人/物)
当pron.时，_______ is Sam’s book?
当adj.时，_______ _______ is Sam’s book?
讲述： tell a story/lie/joke.
- 4. tell 告诉 ： tell sb. sth.= tell sth. to sb. ; tell sb. (not) to do sth.
辨别；识别：Can you tell the ________(不同点) between the twins?
5 .though意为“然而；但是”，表示转折关系， 常放于句尾，用逗号隔开;
however可位于句首、句中或句末，常用逗号隔开。
But位于句首“但是”。
- talented “有才能的”
短语：be talented in“在…方面有天赋” 后面接______________
talent n. “才能”
短语：have a talent for “有…天赋”
7.the same as…意为“和……一样”I have the same height as you.
the same……as…… “和……一样的”My height is the same as yours.
8.care v.在意；担忧I don’t care what happens.
__________adj. “小心的”___________ adv. “小心地”
___________ adj. “粗心的”____________adv. “粗心地”
短语：
Take care! 当心/保重
care about: 关心；在意He doesn’t care about anything people say.
take care of=care for 关心；照顾 或look after
9.hard-working “勤勉的，努力工作的”
| hard-working | adj. | 勤勉的 | |
| hard work | _____+______ | harder work更困难的工作 | |
| work hard | _____+______ |
- break 过去式（-- ）
- （使）破裂，碎，损坏 I ______ the window yesterday.
The glass ________.玻璃碎了。
- （+身体部分）弄破
- 暂停；休息
短语：______________休息
break down 出故障 他们的车出故障了。__________________
11.reach v.
“到达”______动词，直接接宾语。 I________Beijing.
“伸手”短语：reach for sth.
