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牛津英语8A unit1 单元知识详解
Comic strip and welcome to the unit
知识详析.积累拓展
➊some一些;是不定代词,代替可数名词cakes, some也可以代替不可数名词。如:
Is there any juice in the fridge? I want to drink some.冰箱里有果汁吗?我想喝一些。
❷some more再来一些。句中的more是形容词many,much的比较级,其前除了用some来修饰之外,还可用many, any, much,a few或what等,意思是“还....”“have some more food结构的意思是“再来点吃的,再吃点”。如:
Would you like to have some more food?你要再吃点东西吗?
(中考典例)
- Would you like ___________ cake? -Thanks, but I'm full.
- another B. other C. the other D.others
答案:A 解析本题考查不定代词的用法。因为上句说的是“你还想吃一块蛋糕吗?”指的是“再,还有”的意思;而other的后面一般用复数形式;the other特指“两块中的另一-块”;所以选A。
❸nothing没有、没有东西。句中的nothing是不定代词作主语,表示否定,意思是“没有东西:没有事情”,如:
Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事,只怕有心人。
[中考典例]
--- Smoking brings me a lot of ideas
----Stop that! After all,is more important than health.
- nothing B. something C. anything D. everything
答案:A解析本题考查不定代词的用法。句意为:停止吸烟!毕竟,没有什么比健康更重要。用不定代词nothing来表示。
❹honest adj.诚实的,正直的该词开头的辅音字母h不发音,修饰单数可数名词时,之前必须用不定冠词an。如:
He is an honest boy.他是个诚实的孩子。
(中考典例)
Peter returned the wallet to the police. He was_______honest boy.
- a B. an C. the D. (不填)
答案:B 解析考查冠词辨析。句意:“彼得把钱包还给了警察。他是个诚实的男孩。”而an用于元音音素前,honest是元音发音开头,故选B.
❺secret秘密,秘诀,用作名词时,在句中可以作主语、宾语和宾语补足语;常与动词keep 构成固定搭配。如:
What's the secret of his success?他成功的秘诀是什么?
secret用作形容词时,意思是“秘密的”,用作定语修饰名词。如:
A secret plan秘密计划;the secret service特务机构
❻believe相信,信任
a.句中的believe是及物动词,意思是“相信”,动词believe之后跟陈述句作宾语时,连词that可以省略。如:
I believe(that) he will tell me the truth.我相信他会告诉我实话。
b.动词believe之后可以跟名词、代词、词组或短语作宾语;也可以跟形容词或不定式作宾语补足语。如:
I don't believe this kind of flower to grow here.我不相信这种花长在这里。
难句解读
- Can I have something to drink?请给我点喝吗?
(1)句中的情态动词can表示请求或征求意见,常用句型结构是“Can i .......? 其中的can 可以用could 来替换,但could语气委婉、客气。其肯定回答要用Yes, you can.
/Certainly./Of course/Sure等形式。但不能用 could 如:
---Can I have a look? 我可以看一看吗?---Of course. .当然可以。
-Could I use your mobile phone?我可以用一下你的手机吗?
- Yes, you can,
(2)have something to drink意为“喝点东西”。其中的t0 drink是不定式作定语修饰something.修饰不定代词的不定式形容词或介词短语必须后置。在这个结构中不定式之前还可以用形容词来修饰不定代词,如:
Would you like to have something to drink?你想喝点东西吗?
There's something wrong with my computer.我的电脑出毛病了。
通常在疑问句中用anything来表示,但是在Can i.... /Would you like..等句型中表示征求意见或希望得到肯定的答复时用something。如:
Do you find anything in her bag?你在她包里发现什么了吗?
Would you like something to eat?你想吃点什么吗?
Could you give me something interesting to red?你能给我一些有趣的 东西看吗?”
[中考典例]
---Is there ____________in today's newspaper? ---Yes,quite a lot.
- anything interesting B. something interesting
- interesting anythingD. interesting something
答案:A 解析修饰不定代词时.形容词应放在不定代词的后面,又因为此句是一般疑问句,所以答案:A
2.What about some milk? 来些牛奶如何?(教材P6)
该句型用来征求对方意见.提建议或询问消息。其结构相当于How about..介词about之后可以跟名词、代词或v.+ing形式作宾语。如:
What a nice day! What about going out for a picnic?多么好的天气啊!出去野餐怎么样?
My brother is fifteen years old. What about your brother?我哥哥15岁。你哥哥呢?
[中考典例)
How about telling stories to cheer up the sick kids? (改为同义句)
__________ ___________tell stories to cheer up the sick kids?
答案:Why not/Shall we 解析因为上句表示征求意见,而句中的tell是原形所以此处用why或者shall we来表示征求意见。
Reading
知识详析.积累拓展
➊willing愿意。。句中的willing是形容词,意思是“情愿的,乐意的”。be willing to do sth乐意做某事,相当于be ready to do sth。如:
I'm willing to share with you my joy.我愿意和你一起分享我的快乐。
❷voice是可数名词,意为“嗓音”。如:
Our voices echoed in the empty house.我们的声音在空屋里回荡。
[辨异]voice,noise与sound
voice意思是“嗓音”指人或动物特有的嗓音;
noise指吵闹、喧哗声往往是不和谐的、不悦耳的声音。
sound表示“声音”;指人所能听到的任何声音。
❸almost作副词,意为“几乎,差不多”。一般置于实义动词之前,系动词、助动词和情态动词之后。如:
We were late, and almost missed the train.我们迟到了,差点误了那趟火车。
[中考典例)]
--- How is Susan?一Oh,I______ see her because she lives abroad.
- always B. often C. almost D. hardly
答案:D解析本题考查的是单词辨析。句子的意思是:苏珊怎么样?哦!因为她在国外居住我几乎见不着她。选项的意思: always一直;often经常;almost几乎;hardly几乎不。根据答语she lives abroad可知用hardly。
❹sense句中的sense是名词,意思是“感觉”。如:
the sense of sight/ hearing/
smell/ taste/ touch视/听/嗅/味/触觉
have a sense of sth是固定搭配,意思是“对某事有感觉”。既可表达对事物的生理感觉,也可表达对事物的觉察和觉悟。如:
The blind girl has a keen sense of hearing.这盲女孩的听觉很灵敏。
[中考典例)
Tom will be able to find the hotel, he has a pretty good__________of direction.
- idea B. Feeling C. experience D. sense
答案:D.句子表达的句意是“汤姆能够找到宾馆,他有很好的方向感。”此处的sense意为“感觉”,与句意吻合。
❺bored是形容词,意思是“无聊的”。作动词feel的表语。如:
如:
She felt bored at home herself.她独自在家感到无聊。
[辨异]bored与boring
bored是过去分词,作形容词,常跟在连系动词后面作表语。指人所处的状态,意为“感到厌倦”,修饰人。boring也是形容词。它常常指事物的性质,意为“令人厌倦的,无聊的”。可直接放在名词前面作定语,也可跟在连系动词后面作表语。如:
The lesson was boring, and the students were bored. 这堂课枯燥无味,学生们感到乏味。
拓展类似用法的词有很多。如:interesting/ interested; exciting/ excited;surprising/ surprised; amazing/ amazed等。
[中考典例]
The work is _______,so I often feel______.
- bored, boring B. boring, boring C. boring, bored D. bored, bored
答案:C解析本题考查形客词的用法。前半句指的是这个工作很乏味,所以用boring。后半句指的是“我”感觉乏味,用bored来表来表示。
❻fit在本句中作动词,意为“可容纳,装进”,还可表示“适合",fit常与副词well搭配。如:
My dog is growing up day by day. This place is not fit for it.
我的狗一天天地长大。这个地方不适合它了。
This pair of shoes doesn't fit me well.这双鞋子我穿不合适。
❼sweet此处为形容词,意为“可爱的,惹人喜爱的”,在句中可作表语或定语。如:
Mary is a sweet girl. 玛丽是一个可爱的女孩。
The dish tastes a bit sweet.这菜有点甜味。
[中考典例)
---What do you think of the woman singer?
一Her voice sounds_________.I like her songs.
- sweet B.sweetly C. bad D. badly
答案:A解析本题考查形容词用法。因为此处的sound 是连系动词,在后面用形容词作表语;又因为下句的句意是“她的声音听起来很甜。我喜欢她的歌。”所以这里选A。
难句解读
1.Betty is one of my best friends.贝蒂是我最好的朋友之一。教材P8
(1)one of后可接可数名词复数或代词宾格,意为“其中之一”。one是代词,指代同类事物中的一个。例如:
You may take any one of these apples.这些苹果你可以随便拿一个。
- 名词被形容词修饰时,跟在one of后面的形容词常用最高级形式;构成句型是“one of十形容词最高级+名词复数/代词复数”,意为“最.....的....”此结构做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:One of the tallest boys is my brother.那些最高的男孩中的一个是我的哥哥。
- 此结构中的最高级前还可以用物主代词或名词所有格来替换the。例如:
This is one of my father's most useful dictionaries.这是我父亲最有用的字典中的一-本。
[中考典例]
Edison is one of the greatest________(发明家) in the world.
答案:inventors解析one of后加名词复数。
--- Do you know that China is one of ________ countries in the world?
----Yes,I do. It's much _______than the US.
- oldest;older B. the oldest; older C. the oldest; elder D. the older;elder
答案:B解析本题考查形容词的用法。第一空:one of后常用形容词的最高级,本处意为“最古老的国家之一”;第二空:much后应接比较级。故选B。
2.... and ready to help people anytime.她在任何时候都愿意帮助别人。教材P8
be ready to do sth(乐意做某事)是固定搭配,相当于be willing to do sth。 如:
Liu Mei is always ready to help me with my lessons.刘梅总是乐意帮助我学功课。(= Liu Mei is always willing to help me with my lessons.)
[链接] ready 可以作“准备好的,有准备的”讲。常见的短语有:be/get ready to do sth准备做某事; be/get ready for sth为某事做准备,( = prepare for sth);get sth ready准备好某物。如:
Everything is ready for the party.晚会已经准备就绪。
They are ready to leave他们准备出发了。
We are getting ready for the coming exam.我们正在为这次考试做准备。
(中考典例]----Why does everyone like that boy?
--Because he__________(总是乐于助人). (ready)
答案:is always ready to help others (other people)解析此句用be ready to do sth来表示“乐意做某事”的意思。
- She helps me with my homework and she always gives her seat on the bus to someone in need.她经常帮助我完成家庭作业,她在公车上也经常让座给有需要的人。教材P8
这个句子是由and连接的一个并列句,掌握如下短语:
(1)"help sb with sth"意为“帮助某人做某事”。如:1 often help my sister with English. 我经常帮助我妹妹学英语。如果后面跟的是动词,可以说成“help sb (to) dosth",意为“帮助某人做某事”。如:
I often help my sister (to) learn English.我经常帮助我妹妹学习英语。
- “give one's seat to sb"意为“让座给某人”。如:
He gave his seat to an old man in the reading room today.今天他在阅览室给位老 人让座。
seat构成的相关词组有: take a seat /be seated= sit down坐下。如:
He is seated /takes a seat /sit down between Jack and me.他坐在杰克和我之间。
- in need意为“有需求的,处于需求状态的”。如:A friend in need is a friend in deed患难朋友才是真正的朋友。In need of sh/sb意为“需要某事或某人”
- She wants 1 he a singer when she grows up.她长大后想做一名歌手。 教材P8
(1)want to do sth意为“想要做某事”,want后跟动词时,要用动词的不定式形式。此外,want还可用作及物动词,后直接跟名词或代词作宾语。如:
You don't want to believe everything you hear.你没必要相信所听到的一-切事情。
(2)when引导的时间状语从句
句中的when作连词。意为“..-的时候”,引导时间状语从句,说明主句谓语动作发生的时间。when引导的时间状语从句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后。
[易错警醒] 在时间状语从句或条件状语,从句中的动词表示的是将来的动作时,要注意从句中时态的转移,即用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如:
Please send an e mail to me after you arrive in the未USA.在你到达美国以后给我发个电子邮件。
If it rains tomorrow, we won't hold the sports meeting,假如明天下雨,我们就不举行运动会了。[中考典例]
[例1] Tomorrow is Mother's Day. I want ______a special gift for my mum.
- buy B. to buy C. buying D. bough
答案:B.在want 的后面跟动词不定式做宾语。