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形容词、副词比较级和最高级
- 定义。
比较级：两者之间的比较叫做比较级。
最高级：三者三者以上的比较叫做高级。
原级：没有比较，同级比较。
- 形容词、副词的比较级/最高级的构成。
- 单音节和部分双音节的词：(去，改，双，直)
(1)以字母e结尾的形容词，去e加-er或-est；
large —— larger —— largest
nice —— nicer —— nicest
late —— later —— latest
(2)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“y”为“i”，再加-er或-est；
happy —— happier —— happiest
early —— earlier ——earliest
(3)辅-元-辅 结构的单词（重读闭音节）的形容词，双写最后一个辅音字母再加er或者est；
hot — hotter — hottest
thin —— thinner —— thinnest
(4)在结尾加er或者est；
strong —— stronger —— strongest
slow —— slower —— slowest
2、多音节词和部分双音节词：在词前加more或most。
delicious —— more delicious —— most delicious
beautiful —— more beautiful —— most beautiful
boring—— more boring —— most boring
easily —— more easily —— most easily
3、不规则变化（两个好，两个坏，两个多；一个小又少，还有一远和一老。）
good/well—— better—— best
bad/ill/badly—— worse—— worst
much/many—— more——most
little——less——least
far——farther/further——farthest/furthest
old——older/elder——oldest/eldest
(farther是指距离或时间上"更远的''further是指程度上进一步的)
4.特殊变化：既可以+er/est，又可以+more/most的单词有clever,handsome,polite,
Simple,stupid,friendly。
注意：形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用.
The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
- 比较级/最高级的一般用法。
1.形容词的比较级
(1)A +be/系动词 + 形容词比较级 + than + B.
I am taller than you.
Pie is more delicious than pizza.
- Who/which/whose...+形容词比较级，A or B ？
Who is taller,Tim or Tom?
Which boy is more clever, this one or that one?
注意：两者之间比较，比较级后面有名词则前面必须+the
Who is the taller boy,Tim or Tom?
Which is the more clever boy, this one or that one?
2.副词的比较级
(1) A + 行为动词 + 副词比较级 + than + B.
Tim runs faster than Tom.
He studies better than me.
(2)Who/which/whose....+副词比较级，A or B ？
Who jumps higher, Tim or Tom?
Which dog eats more, this one or that one?
注意：
- 标志词than，or
- 修饰比较级的词语有much，even，a little，a lot, still,far
- more,quite,very 不能修饰比较级
- 只有同类事物才能作比较
- 比较句中的代替词，
the one(代替可数名词单数)
that (代替单数名词或不可数名词)
the ones=those(代替可数名词复数)
The apples in the red basket are bigger than those in the blue basket.
The weather in Shanghai is warmer than that in Beijing.
- 形容词的最高级
(1)A +be/系动词 + the + 形最高级 + 比较范围（of /in/among）.
I am the tallest in the class.
Pizza is the most delicious food of the three.
(2)Who/which/whose...+形容词最高级，A，B or C？
Who is the tallest, Tim，Bob or Tom?
4.副词的最高级
(1)A + 行为动词 + 副词最高级 + 比较范围（of/in/among）.
Liutao runs fastest in his school.
He studies best of us.
(2)Who/which/whose...+副词最高级，A，B or C？
Which dog eats most, the first one，the second on or the third one?
注意：标志词of，among，in，or
- 比较级/最高级的特殊用法。
- 比较级的特殊用法
(1)“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越……”
如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.
春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了.
It is getting cooler and cooler.
天气越来越凉爽.
The wind became more and more heavily.
风变得越来越大.
Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.
我们的学校变得越来越美丽.
(2)“the +比较级……, the+比较级”,表示“越……越……”.
The more money you make, the more you spend.
钱你赚得越多,花得越多。
The sooner,the better.
越快越好。
The more the better.多多益善。
The more you eat,the fatter you will be.
- the+比较级+of the two(…) ，比较级前加the，表示两者中的更...的一个。
He works the harder of the two.
She is the taller of the two.
- 最高级的特殊用法
- one of +the +最高级+名词复数，表示 “最……的……之一”
这是花园里最漂亮的花之一。
This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.
- the+序数词+最高级，表示“第......最......的”
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河流。
- 原级。..as...用法
(1) A=B（程度相同）: as +adj./adv.原级+as
① He is as tall as Tom.
他和Tom一样高。
② He runs as fast as Tom.
他跑的和Tom一样快
(2) A不如B: not as/so +adj./adv.原级+as
① He is not as/so tall as Tom.
他不如Tom高。
② He doesn’t run as/so fast as Tom.
他跑的不如Tom快。
六、原级、比较级，最高级之间的转换。
(1)原级和比较级之间的转换
A...+not as/so +adj./adv.原级+as...B=A...less+adj./adv.原级+than...B
That book isn’t as/so interesting as this book.
That book is less interesting than this book.
This book is more interesting than that book.
(2)比较级和最高级之间的转换（同一范围内）
any other+名词单数
A...adj./adv.比较级+than+ +比较范围
the other+名词复数
A... the+adj./adv.最高级+比较范围
Tom is the tallest in his class.
Tom is taller than the other students in his class.
Tom is taller than any other student in his class.
备注：Beijing is bigger than any city in Japan.(不同范围的比较)
七、事物量的比较。
1.两种事物的比较
(1)A＜B，可数，A+...fewer+可数名词+than+B
(2)A＜B, 不可数，A+...less+不可数名词+than+B
(3)A＞B，可数/不可数，A+...more+可数名词复数/不可数名词+than+B
He joins fewer clubs than I.
We drink less coffee than teas.
He has more time than I.
He has more books than I.
2.三种及三种以上事物的比较
(1)可数名词，表示最少的...... ...the fewest+名词复数
(2)不可数名词，表示最少的...... ...the least+名词
(3)可数/不可数名词，表示最多的...... ...the most+名词复数
She can sing the fewest songs in our class.
He finishes the least homework of us.
Simon drinks the most milk among the tree boys.
八、表示倍数的比较级用法。
- A is …times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.
(A是B……的几倍……)，两倍用twice，三倍及三倍以上用“数字+times”。
如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大.(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)
2.A is …times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.(A比B……大/高/长.....倍)
如：Our school is twice bigger than yours.
我们学校比你们学校大两倍.
