来自澳大利亚的古老小化石可能携带着强大力量的证据:通过光合作用制造氧气的能力。
这些细菌化石的历史可以追溯到17.3亿到17.8亿年前，它们充满了与大多数现代 蓝藻和植物中发生产氧光合作用的结构相似的结构。研究人员在1月3日的《自然》杂志上报告说，这种结构被称为类囊体膜，是迄今为止发现的最古老的结构。这一发现将蓝藻中类囊体存在的证据推迟了12亿年。
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Cyanobacteria’s invention of photosynthesis is respo
Most fossils preserve mineralized tissues such as bone or shells, but bacteria don’t co
Researchers already had indirect evidence from genetics and chemical studies that cyanobacteria had developed thylakoids by the time these fossilized bacteria lived, says Patricia Sanchez-Baracaldo, an evolutio
Some researchers think that thylakoids may have evolved before the Great Oxidation Event around 2.4 billion years ago (SN: 12/11/19). Prior to that event, there were whiffs of oxygen here and there in the atmosphere, but it took the co
During the period when the now-fossilized cyanobacteria lived, oxygen levels in Earth’s atmosphere had plummeted again to a fraction of today’s levels, Sanchez-Baracaldo says. The fossils hint that there may have been small pockets wher
Many rocks that might harbor such fossils have been compressed and “cooked” destroying delicate intracellular structures like thylakoids, says Emmanuelle Javaux, an astrobiologist at the University of Liège in Belgium.
“We didn’t know that they could be preserved in such old microfossils,” she says. But she has no doubt that the dark lines stacked through tiny sausage-shaped cells represent thylakoids. “It cannot be something else, actually. This arrangement is very unique to cyanobacteria with thylakoids,” she says.
Javaux and colleagues found the oldest thylakoid-like structures in microfossils in shale from Australia. The structures were also present in a
The researchers can’t tell from the fossils whether the Australian and Canadian cyanobacteria are direct ancestors of living species, Javaux says, but they are almost certainly cousins. The team hopes to investigate even older rocks from before the Great Oxidation Event for even more ancient evidence of thylakoids.
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