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外研版七年级英语下册知识点讲解
Module 1
- 词汇
- 辨析watch,look,look at与see
watch是及物动词,意思是“观看;注视”,常用来指看电视、看球赛、看戏等。 look为不及物动词,单独使用,用以引起对方的注意。 look at是由动词look和介词at组成的词组,后面可以带宾语,侧重“看”的动作。 see为及物动词,意为“看见”,侧重“看”的结果。
- call ①打电话
call sb. 给......打电话 call +某人+ at +电话号码(用这个号码打电话给某人)
eg: Please call John at 035-7328.请打0357328找约翰。
②称呼 eg: They call me Tina.他们叫我蒂娜。
- 辨析every day和everyday
every day 是副词词组,在句子中间做状语,表示“每天,天天”。
eg: We speak English everyday.
everyday是形容词,在句子中只做定语,表示“日常的,每天的”。
eg: Let’s learn some everyday English.
- 辨析everyone和every one
everyone意为“每个人”,只指人,不指物,不与of短语连用。Everyone在句中作主语时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
eg: Is everyone here today? 今天大家都来了吗?
every one既可以指人,也可以指物,可与介词of连用。
eg: Every one of us has a chance to speak at the meeting. 我们每个人都有机会在会上发言。
- 辨析look for与find
look for意为“寻找”,指有目的的找,强调“寻找”这一动作。
eg: What are you looking for?你在找什么?
I’m looking for my bike.我在找我的自行车。
find意为“找到;发现”,强调“找”的结果,其宾语往往是某个丢失的东西或人。
eg: I’m looking for my bag, but I can’t find it. 我找我的书包,但我没找到。
6. 辨析talk, speak, tell与say
talk意为“谈话;讲话”,如果只有一方对另一方说话时,一般用talk to,如果双方或多方交谈时,多用talk with。
speak意为“说话;讲话”,后面常接语言。speak to 意为“和„ „谈话、讲话”
tell意为“告诉;讲述”。tell sb. sth. 告知某人某事
tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人去做某事
tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事
say 意为“说”,后常跟说话内容。
- 短语
1. lost and found box
lost和found分别是动词lose和find的过去分词形式,过去分词可以修饰名词作定语,lost在这里意为“丢失的”,found意为“找到的”,它们作定语修饰名词box。
- look for 寻找
由于for是介词,所以后面要接名词或代词作宾语,look for sth.意为“寻找某物”,使用时注意,look for不能分开使用。
eg:They are looking for their phones, cameras, watches, computers and many other things. 他们正在寻找他们的电话、照相机、手表、电脑和其他许多东西。 注意:find 强调“找”的结果,而look for 强调“找”的过程。
eg:I’m looking for my watch, but can’t find it. 我在找我的手表,但是找不到.
- in a hurry匆匆忙忙地
介词短语,hurry动词短语用“hurry up”来表示“赶快,赶紧”,“(there’s) no hurry”意为“不忙,不必着急,有充裕时间„„”。
eg:There is no hurry, so do it slowly and carefully. 不必赶时间,要慢慢地,认真地完成任务。
We must hurry up if we want to be there on time. 如果想准时到那里的话,我们就必须动作快点。
- 句型
- Here is / are ... 这儿有...,...在这儿(用于刚找到某人或某物时)是一个完全倒装句结构,当主语为代词时部分到装。
eg:Here is the address.这是那里的地址。
- 语法
- 名词性物主代词
物主代词分形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词。
- 形容词性物主代词相当于一个形容词,在句中作定语用,其后一定要接名词。
如:my pen我的钢笔your bag你的书包 his bike他的自行车 her desk她的书桌 its name它的名字
eg: Is that your bike? 那是你的自行车吗? Those are our books. 那些是我们的书。
如果名词前有形容词性物主代词,就不能同时用冠词(a, an, the)或指示代词(this, that, these, those)修饰此名词。 注意:形容词性物主代词与形容词一起修饰名词时,要放在形容词之前。
如: his English books 他的英语书 their Chinese friends 他们的中国朋友
- 名词性的物主代词相当于一个名词,在句中作主语、表语或宾语,能单独使用。
名词性物主代词 =相应的形容词性物主代词+名词 人称代词与物主代词
- 知识拓展
- whose一般是就物主代词或名词所有格提问。
- 提问部分作定语时,用“Whose +名词+一般疑问句?”结构。
eg: It’s my shirt.→Whose shirt is it? 这是我的衬衫。→这是谁的衬衫?
(2) 提问部分作表语时,用“Whose +一般疑问句?”结构。
eg: The shirt is mine. →Whose is the shirt? 这件衬衫是我的。→这件衬衫是谁的?
Module 2
- 单词
- join ①加入(团体,组织,参军)
eg:I joined the Party in 1975. 我1975年入党。His brother joined the army two years ago. 两年前他哥哥参军。②接人称代词的宾格形式,表示和某人一起进行某活动,还有“连接”的意思。
eg:We want to go to a movie. Do you want to join us? 我们想去看电影, 你和我们一起去吗?
They are planning to join the two towns by a railway. 他们在计划用一条铁路把两个镇连接起来。
- 辨析join与take part in
join指加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体,以及参军等,还可表示参与某种活动。
eg:① I will never forget the day when I joined the Party. 我永远也忘不了入党的那一天。
② Will you join us for dinner? 请你和我们一起吃饭好吗?
take part in指参加群众性活动、会议、劳动、游行等,往往指参加者持有积极的态度,起一份作用,有时与join in可互换。 eg:①Will you take part in the English evening? 同我们一起参加英语晚会好吗?
②All the students took an active part in the thorough cleaning. 所有的学生都积极参加了大扫除.
- worry ①作及物动词,意为“使烦恼,使焦虑”,常接人作宾语。
eg:What worried you so much? 什么事使你这么着急?
His bad health worried his parents greatly. 你身体不好使他的父母很发愁。
②作不及物动词,意为“烦恼、担心、发愁”,常跟介词about。
eg:Tell them not to worry. 告诉他们不要担心。
They are worrying about the coming exam. 他们正在为即将到来的考试而发愁。
注意:worry about 表示“对„„担心,忧虑”。
eg:Don't worry / be worried about John. He'll be back soon. 不必为约翰担忧,他马上就回来。
There's nothing to worry about 没有什么要担心的。
- 短语
- would like 想要 ①后面接名词或代词,表示“具体要”某样东西。
eg: I’d like two sweaters for my daughters. 我想给我的女儿们买两件毛衣。
Would you like one of these moon cakes? 你想要一块这样的月饼吗?
②后面接动词不定式,表示“愿望,喜爱”,常用于有礼貌地提出邀请、请求或建议。
eg:Would you like to come to supper? 你愿意来吃晚饭么?
- get on well/along with 表示“与„„相处的很好”。
get on badly with sb. 表示“与„„相处的不好”。
eg:I get on well with my classmates and teachers. 我和老师同学都相处得很好。
- be good at / doing sth. 擅长于......
do well in sth. /doing sth. 在 „„做得好,在„„表现好
eg:I work hard, and I do well at school. 我努力学习因此在学校表现优异。
I’m really good at football. 我很擅长足球。
- be ready to 愿意做某事;为„做准备
eg:We are ready to help them. 我们乐意帮助他们。
We are ready to do some cleaning for the new students. 我们为新的学生打扫卫生做准备。
- 句型
- make + / sth. + adj. 使某人或某物处于某种状态
eg: The news made him happy. 这个消息使他很高兴。
注意:除了接形容词作宾补外,还可以接名词、动词的过去分词等作宾补。
eg:They all want to make Jim their monitor. 他们都想让吉姆当班长。
- 语法
- 情态动词can的用法
can表示能力,"会""能",没有人称和数的变化。
- 肯定句结构 主语+can +动词原形+其他.
否定句结构 主语+can’t(can not)+动词原形+其他.
eg: Judy can speak a little Chinese. 朱蒂会说一点中文。 I can dance and sing. 我能唱歌又能跳舞。
- 变疑问句时,将can 提到主语之前。 肯定回答Yes,主语+can. 否定回答 No,主语+can’
eg: Can the students run in the hallways? 学生们可以在走廊上跑吗?
What can I do for you? 我能为你做点什么?
- 知识拓展
- play在乐器前经常要加定冠词the, 但在球类、棋类等体育活动前不加任何冠词。
eg:play the guitar 弹吉他 play the violin 拉小提琴 play football 踢足球 play basketball 打篮球
- That’s all 仅此而已,是口语中一句非常有用的表达,其用法主要有以下三种:
- 表示仅此这些或无关紧要,意为“没别的; 没事; 没什么; 事情就是这样”。
如: ①A: How are you feeling? 你感觉怎么样? B: Fine. Just a little tired. That’s all. 还好,只是有点累,没事。 ②Just a funny dream; that’s all. 仅仅做了个有趣的梦,如此而已。
- 表示沮丧或无可奈何,意为“没有(别的)办法”。
eg: If all the seats are booked, we shall have to stay at home. That’s all.
如果全部戏票都已预售一空,我们只好呆在家里,没有别的办法。
- 表示说话或做事完了(或暂时完了)。意为“„„完了; „„就这些”。如: eg: That’s Thank you. 我的发言完了,谢谢。 That’s all for today. 今天就到这里吧。 That’s all; you may go now. 就这些,你可以走了。
- What about 和 how about
英语口语中常用的两个省略句型,意思和用法基本相同,后面可以加人称代词宾格,名词或者动词-ing形式,表示......怎么样。
(1)向对方提出建议或请求。 eg:How about going out for a walk? 出去散散步好吗?
(2)征询对方的看法或意见。 eg:What about the TV play? 那个电视剧怎么样?
(3)询问天气或身体等情况。 eg:What about the weather in your home town? 你家那边的天气怎么样?
Module 3
- 单词
- 辨析wear, in 与put
wear 动词,穿着,戴着。强调穿的状态。 in 介词,后接衣服或颜色的词。着重衣服的款式或颜色。
put on 动词,穿上,戴上,强调穿的动作,后接衣服,鞋帽。
- spend 花费,度过
①sb.+ spend +时间/金钱+ on sth. 人在......上花费时间/金钱 eg:I spend much time on TV.
②sb.+ spend +时间/金钱+ ( in) doing sth. 花费时间金钱做某事 eg: I spend much time watching Tv.
③sb.+spend +时间+ with + sb. 和某人一起度过。 eg: I spend my weekend with my friends.
- 短语
- look forward to + / v.-ing 期待某事/期待做某事
eg: We are looking forward to visiting Hong Kong. 我们都很期待去香港玩。
I am looking forward to your coming. 我很期待你的到来。
- go sightseeing = do some sightseeing观光游览
类似结构:go shopping 购物 go cooking 做饭 go washing 洗衣服 go cleaning 打扫卫生
- have a picnic 去野餐
英语中经常用have或take, make等动词+ n. 组成词组。 eg:have a good time 玩得高兴
have a rest 休息一会 take a walk 散步 make a presentation 做一个介绍
- enjoy oneself 过的愉快 相当于have a good time, 在口语中,用作祈使句。
eg:I’m going to enjoy myself during the May Day holiday. 我打算在五一假期好好玩一玩。
I hope you enjoy yourself this evening. 我希望你今晚过的愉快。
- 句型
- 特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词 + be ( am, is, are ) + 主语 + going to + 动词原形
eg:What are you going to have tomorrow? 明天你们要吃什么?
What are you going to do tonight? I’m going to watch the baseball game. 今晚你打算做什么?我想要看棒球赛。
四、语法
- 一般将来时态
①be going to+动词原形 打算去做某事
肯定句结构:主语+be going to +动词原形+其他
否定句结构:主语+be not going to +动词原形+其他
一般疑问句:be动词提前 be +主语+going to +动词原形+其他
肯定回答:Yes,主语+be. 否定回答:No,主语+be not.
eg: I’m going to visit China. 我将去中国。 I’m not going to visit China. 我不会去中国。
Are you going to visit China? 你要去中国了吗? Yes, I am. /No, I’m not.
What are you going to do? 你将去做什么?
注意:表示计划到某地去,谓语动词go与going重复,一般只说be going to +地点。 eg: They are going to China for a visit. 他们将去中国游玩。
② will/shall shall只用于主语是第一人称时,肯定句结构:主语+will +动词原形+其他 否定句结构:主语+will not +动词原形+其他
一般疑问句:will提前 Will +主语+动词原形+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+will. 否定回答:No,主语+won’t(will not).
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ will +主语+动词原形+其他
eg: We shall go shopping tomorrow 我们明天去购物。
Will you go shopping tomorrow? 明天你去购物吗?
Yes, I will./No, I won’t. What will you do tomorrow? 明天你去干什么呢?
注意:①tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next day(week/month/year„)
soon 很快 right away= at once 立刻,马上 in the future 在将来 in future 今后
some day= one day 总有一天 from now on 从今往后 after +时间点 „以后 in+时间段„以后 ②there be 的将来式 : there will be =there is/are going to be
- 知识拓展
- 通常泛指“在下午/上午/晚上”,用 in the morning/ afternoon/ evening ,但是特指某一天(具体某一天)时候的下午/上午/晚上,则需要用介词 eg: On Saturday morning, I’m going to check my email. 我会在周六的上午查收邮件。 I’m going to see a movie in the afternoon. 我下午要去看电影。
Module 4
- 单词
- 辨析bring、take、fetch、carry
①bring意为“带来”,指把某物从别的地方带到说话时的这个地方来。
eg:Remember to bring your book tomorrow. 记住明天把你的书带来。
②take意为“带走”,把某物带到别的地方去。
eg:It’s going to rain. You’d better take an umbrella with you. 要下雨了,你最好带上一把雨伞。
③fetch意为“去取来某物”,它包括一个往返的过程。
eg:Will you go and fetch some water? 你去取一点水来,好吗?
④carry一般指“随身携带的细小物品”,此外还多用于汽车、火车等交通工具意为“运载”的意思。
eg:He always carries a pocket dictionary with him. 他总是随身携带一本袖珍字典。
The bus carried me to the park yesterday. 昨天公共汽车把我拉到了公园。
- 辨析maybe与may be
①maybe 副词,“也许”,相当于perhaps。maybe只能放于句首,不能放于句中。
eg:Maybe he won’t come. 也许他不会来。
②may be 是谓语形式,其中may是情态动词,be是连系动词,表示“也许是”、“可能会有”等。
eg:He may be a middle school student. 他可能是个中学生。
She may be watching TV now. 现在她也许在看电视。
- 短语
- be sure 确信, 一定,后面可跟不定式或从句。
eg:I am sure to go to Beijing tomorrow. = I am sure that I will go to Beijing tomorrow. 我明天一定会去北京。 He is sure to visit the Great Wall next week. = He is sure that he will visit the Great Wall next week.
他下周一定会去参观长城。
- be able to „能够做„
be able to 与can用法与区别:
①be able to 强调通过努力而获得的能力,而can则强调自身已具有的能力。
eg:She can sing the song in English. 她能用英语唱这首歌。
He will be able to sing this song in English in a few minutes, too. 几小时之后,他也能用英语唱这首歌。 ②be able to 强调一种结果,而can只强调一种可能。
eg:Luckily, he was able to escape from the big fire in the end. 幸运的是,他终于逃出了大火。
If he got here a few hours earlier, I could save him. 要是他早几小时来,我还能救他。
③be able to 可以有各种时态;而can只有一般现在和一般过去两种时态。
eg:I could help you last night, but you didn’t come. 昨天晚上我能帮你,而你又没来。
Can you see it there? 你能看见它在那儿吗?
He is / was / will be able to help you. 他能帮你的忙.
④can可用于表示可能性,推测,允许等情况,而be able to通常不这样用。
- not„any more = no more 不再......,侧重程度和数量
eg:You can drink no more. = You can't drink any more. 你不能再喝了 not any longer = no longer侧重时间 eg:He no longer lives here. = He doesn't live here any longer. 他不住在这里了。
- 句型
- there won’t be = there will not be
there be结构的一般将来时的否定形式,肯定结构为: there will be.
there be结构的将来时结构也可以用there is going to be 或there are going to be.
eg:There will be a football match on TV tomorrow. = There is going to be a football match on TV tomorrow. 明天会有一场电视球赛。
- 句型结构: it is + + to do sth.
it是形式主语,真正的主语为动词不定式后置。
eg: It was wrong for you not to help her. 你当时不帮助她是错误的。(it代替不定式短语)
- not only„but also„ 用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分,着重强调后者,其意为“不仅„„而且„”
eg: She not only plays well, but also writes music.
注意:若连接两个成分作主语,其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。
eg:Not only you but also he has to leave. 不只是你,他也得离开。
若连接两个句子,not only后面的句子要用倒装。
eg:Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 他不仅说得更正确,而且讲得更不费劲了 。四、语法
- be going to 与will的用法区别
- be going to主要用于:
①表示事先经过考虑、安排要做的事情。 eg: What are you going to do after school? 放学后你打算做什么? ②表示根据前面某种迹象判断某事很有可能发生。 eg: Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain. 看那些乌云,可能要下雨了。
- will(shall)主要用于:
①在书面语中,主语为第一人称时,常用“shall+动词原形”,口语中所有人称都可用will。
eg: I’ll telephone you after I get home.我到家后给你电话。
②will表示单纯的将来概念,表示“将要”,通常可用各种人称。
eg: It’ll soon be Christmas. 很快就到圣诞节了。 I will see you tomorrow. 明天我去看你。
③表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来事情,用will。
eg: Tom will be sixteen years old next year. Tom明年就16岁了。
④问对方是否愿意做某事和表示客气的邀请或命令时,常用will。口语中常用would代替will。
eg: Will you please open the door? 请关门好吗?
⑤表示带“意愿”色彩的将来时,用will。 eg: Tom will help me with my English. Tom愿意帮我学英语。
- “There be”句型的一般将来时
肯定句: There will be +名词+其他成份
否定句:在will后面加not.
注意:无论后面加单数名词或复数形式,be都必须用原形。
eg: There will be only one country. 以后将只有一个国家。
There won’t be only one country. 以后不可能只有一个国家。
一般疑问句:把will提到there之前。
eg:Will there be only one country? 将来只有一个国家么?Yes, there will. / No, there won’t.
注意:在口语中,所有人称都可以用will
- be about to 结构表示将来时 eg:Hurry up! We're about to 快点,我们要走了。 The football match is about to begin in a few minutes. 再过几分钟球赛就要开始了。
4. 现在进行时表将来
表示位置转移的动词常与现在进行时和表示将来的时间状语连用,表示在最近将要发生某事。这些事是事先安排好的。 eg:The Browns are coming to dinner tomorrow. 明天布朗夫妇要来吃晚饭。
5. 一般现在时表将来
动词be;表示位置转移的动词和表示“开始,结束”的动词(如start,begin,open,finish,end,close等)与一般现在时和表示将来的时间状语连用,表示时间表、节目单或日程表上所安排好的动作或事态将要发生,日程不易改变,口气肯定。 eg:School finishes on January 18th. 学期一月十八日结束。
Module 5
- 单词
- take 拿、采取、穿„ take 短语:take back 收回、接回、退回 take down 写下、记下
take in收留、包括、理解、欺骗 take off脱下、起飞、打折扣 take on 聘用、雇用、呈现、显现 take up 从事、继续、占去(时间或空间)
- else 另外,其他,可以用在“who, where” 等词后面。
eg:who else will go to the meeting? 还有其他人去参加会议吗?what else would you do? 你还要做其他事吗?注意:else 还可以与不定副词(如: something,anybody, anyone, somewhere等)连用,但是要放在这些词之后。 eg:Would you like something else to drink?
- way ① 路 on the way to+名词 在去„的路上 on the way+副词
eg: I met him on the way to school. 我在去学校的路上遇见了他。
I met him on the way home. 我在回家路上遇见了他。
②n. 方式,方法 the way to do sth / the way of doing sth 做某事的方法
eg: the way to learn English=the way of learning English 学习英语的方法
- 辨析receive与accept
receive表示“收到,接到”指客观上被动的,强调动作,但并不意味着同意接受
accept 是“接到,并同意的意思”,强调意愿上的结果。
eg: She received his present, but she didn’t accept it.她收到了他的礼物,但是没有接受。
注意:有时用词要视语言习惯而定,而不能简单地认为 receive=收到,accept=接受。
“接受礼物”说成英语是 accept a gift,而“接受教育”却是 receive an education.
- 辨析few与little a few
一些其后常加可数名词的复数形式,a little 后加不可数名词。
eg:a few apples 一些苹果 a little water in bottle 瓶子里的一点水
- by 用于表示手段,意思是“用,靠,通过”常和交通工具搭配。
eg:by air/plane 坐飞机 by train 坐火车 by bus 坐公交车 by car 坐汽车
- 短语
- try on 试穿 eg:Try on the shoes before you buy 买鞋之前要试穿一下。
①try to do sth.“努力去做,尽力做”= try one’s best to do„
eg:He tried to climb the tree. 他试着努力爬那棵树。
②try doing sth. 指“尝试做„„看看,有何结果”,暗示在这之前已试过某种方法但不奏效,另试其他方法。
eg:If no one answers the door, why not try knocking the back door? 如果没人应门,为什么不尝试去敲一下后门。
- 辨析too much 和 much too
①much too是too的强势语,用法与too相同。
eg:You are much too kind to me. 你对我实在太好了。 This one is much too big. 这个确实太大了。
②too much是much的强势语,用法与much相似。
eg:Don’t eat too much. 别吃得太多。 There’s too much water. 水太多了。
- 句型
- What can I do for you?=Can I help you?
以上两句都是购物时候店主用语,可以翻译为“我能为你做点什么?”或“你想买点什么?”回答时,常用“I’d like „/ I’d like to buy „/ I want to buy „”等句子做答语。
eg: ---What can I do for you?/Can I help you? --- I want to buy a present for my mum.
- It takes Some time to do sth. 表示“花费某人多长时间做某事”。
eg:It takes me two hours to finish the work. 我花了两个小时去完成工作。
- 知识拓展
- 感官系动词
感官系动词有look, sound, smell, taste, feel等,当这几个词用作连系动词的时候,它们的意思分别是“看起来”、“听起来”、“闻起来”、“尝起来”、“摸起来”,其后直接加形容词。
eg:You look tired this evening. 今晚你好像很累。 The soup tastes delicious. 这汤味道不错。
- “数词+名词+of+物质名词”结构常用来表达物质名词的数量。若要表示量的复数 概念时,把(表计量的)名词改为复数形式。 注意:当“数词+名词+of+物质名词”结构作主语时,谓语动词应与(表计量的)名词的单复数一致。eg:Two glasses of water are on the 两杯水在桌子上。
- 辨析take,spend,pay与cost
①spend的主语必须是人, 常用于以下结构:
- spend time /money on 在„„上花费时间(金钱)。
eg:I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。
- spend time /money (in) doing 花费时间(金钱)做某事。
eg:They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
- spend money for 花钱买„„。
eg:His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。
②cost的主语是物或某种活动, 还可以表示“值”, 常见用法如下:
- costs (sb.) +金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。
eg:A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
- (doing) costs (sb.) +时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。
eg:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。
③take后面常跟双宾语, 常见用法有以下几种:
- It takes +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。
eg:It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
- doing takes sb. +时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例:Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。
- pay的基本用法是:
- pay (sb.) money for 付钱(给某人)买„„
eg:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。
- pay for 付„„的钱。
eg:I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。
- pay for 替某人付钱。
eg:Don’t worry!I'll pay for you. 别担心, 我会给你付钱的。
- pay 付钱给某人。
eg:They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。
- pay money back 还钱。
eg:May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你。
Module 6
- 单词
- 辨析across和through
across和through都可表示“从(一定范围的)一边到另一边”,其区别在于across表示某一范围的表面进行某一动作。 through表示在某一范围的内部空间进行某一动作。
eg:Be careful when you go across the street. 过马路的时候小心。
It took us two hours to walk through the forest. 穿过这片森林花了我两个小时。
- opposite
①用作介词,相当于across from在„„的对面
eg:The post office is opposite the bank. 邮局的对面是银行。
②opposite用作名词,常用于the opposite of... ......的反义词/对立面
eg:Black is the opposite of white. 黑与白是相反的。
③opposite用作形容词,常用于be opposite to和„„相对,
eg:Her house is opposite to mine.
④opposite用作副词
eg:He stood opposite.
- clear ① 晴朗的,清晰的
eg:It’s a clear day today. 今天天气晴朗。 The river has clear water. 河里的水很清澈。
②v. 清理干净 eg:Please clear the table. 请把桌子收拾干净。
clearly adv. 清晰地 eg:Mrs Black speaks English clearly. 布莱克先生的英文说得很清晰。
- famous 著名的
①be famous for “以„„出名或著称” eg:France is famous for its wine. 法国以其葡萄酒出名
②be famous as “作为„„出名或著称” eg:He is famous as a football player. 他以一名做球运动员的身份而著名。二、 短语
- turn left/right 向左/右转 eg:Turn left, and you’ll find the
常见left/right搭配: turn left/turn right向左/右转; on the left/on the right of...在„„的左边/右边;常见turn搭配: turn to... 翻到„„(页) turn over 翻身; turn on 打开 turn off关上; turn up调高 turn down 关小,调低
- get off 下车 eg:Get off the bus on Central 请在中心街道下车。
①反义词组: get on上车;此处的on/off是介词,宾语要跟在后面,不能置于中间.
②v.+off构成的短语: take off脱掉,起飞 turn off关上; keep off不让„„进入; fall off 从„„摔下来 have...off 休息„„; set off出发,动身
- next to 在„„的旁边,紧靠 eg:The post office is next to our
①next to是介词短语,后接名词或代词
②同义词:beside prep.在„„旁边
- 知识拓展
- 交通方式的表达方法:
①用介词表示
by +交通工具单数 eg: by car/bus/taxi„
in/on +a/an/the/one’s/this/that 等限定词+交通工具 eg: in the car/taxi„ on the bus/ship/plane„
by + 表示交通线路或交通线路所经范围的名词 eg:by land 由陆路 by sea/ by water由水路 by road由公路 by rail由铁路 by air乘飞机
②用动词表示 “动词 + to + 地点名词”或“动词 + 地点副词” eg:walk /ride/drive/fly/sail to sp. “take a/the +交通工具单数”,表示“乘/坐
eg:I often go to school by bus. (同义句) I often go to school on a bus. I often take the bus to school. 2. 方位介词 用法总结
- over, above和on的用法
①over指在„的正上方,表示垂直在上。 eg:There is a lamp over the desk. 桌子上方有一个灯泡。
②above指在上方,属于斜上方。 eg:Raise your arms above your head. 把手臂举到头上。
③on指在上面,表示两物体接触。 eg:There is a cup on the table. 桌子上有一个杯子。
- under / below的用法:
①under在„„下面/正下方. eg:What's under your desk? 桌子下面是什么?
②below 在„„斜下方 eg:Her skirt came below her knees. 她的裙子跑到了膝盖上面。
- in和on表示“在„„上”
①门一类——镶嵌在墙里的,用in,字画一类——挂在墙面上的,用on.
②鸟一类落在树上的,用in;苹果一类长在树上的,用on.
- in /on/ to表示方位
in表示在某范围之内; to表示在某范围之外; on表示“邻”、“接壤”。
eg:Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中国东部。 Mongolia(蒙古国)lies on the north of China. 蒙古人民共和国位于中国北部。
- at, in表示“在„„”
①at表示较小的地点。eg:at the bus stop/at home
②in表示较大的地点。eg:in China/in the world
- in front of 和in the front of
①in front of表示“在„之前”(范围外)。
eg:There are some trees in front of the classroom. 教室前面有几棵树。
②in the front of 表示“在„的前部”(范围内)
eg:There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 黑板在教室的前面。
- through / across通过,穿过
①across表示横过,即从物体表面通过,与on有关,为二维
②through穿过,即从物体内部穿过,与in有关,为三维。
Module 7
- 单词
- born 天生的,生来的 eg: He is a born writer. 他是一位天生的作家。
①be born in + 时间/地点 出生于某年或某月/某地
eg:He was born in 1998 / in Guilin. 他出生在1998年/桂林。
②be born on + 出生于某日
eg:He was born on the May 15th. 他出生在五月15日。
- strict 严格的,严厉的
①be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格
eg:Teachers must be strict with their students. 老师必须对学生严格。
②be strict in sth. 对某事(工作、学习等)严格要求
eg:Students must be strict in their study. 学生应该对自己的学习严格要求。
- friendly 友好的
be friendly to sb. 对某人友好 eg:Our teachers are friendly to us. 我们老师对我们很友好。
unfriendly 不友好的 eg:The girl is unfriendly to others. 那个女生对人不友善。
- quite 十分,相当,可修饰形容词、副词或动词。
eg:It’s quite cold outside. 现在外面好冷。 He quite likes maths. 他十分喜欢数学。
quite + a/ an +形容词 + 名词 eg:quite a clever boy 相当聪明的一个男孩
- difficult 困难的,不易相处的 名词形式:difficulty(不可数名词)
eg:We found the station without any difficulty. 我们毫不费劲地找到了车站。
①have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难, difficulty前面可以加some、great、much、little、no等词修饰。 eg:She has difficulty in answering the hard question. 她无法回答出这个问题。
②have difficulty with sth. 在某方面有困难
eg:I have difficulty with English. 我学习英语有困难。
- last ① 最后的,最近的 eg:the last month of the year 一年的最后一个月
②v. 持续 eg:The meeting will last (for) three hours. 会议持续了三个小时。
③last n. 最后,最后的人 eg:He was the last to come to school. 他是最后一个来学校的人。
- 短语
- go back 回去 eg:Let’s all go back to 我们都返回学校吧。
- come back 回来 eg:He will come back in a 他下星期回来。
- 句型
- 不定式to do 作后置定语在英语中,不定式放在所修饰词的后面作后置定语,构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
eg:There were lots of things to do there. 那里有好多事情要做。
There are some shoes to wash. 有许多鞋要洗。
I have many students to teach. 我有许多学生要教。
- What be be like? 用于询问某人是什么样的人?(性格)
eg:What is your elder sister like? 你的姐姐是个怎样的人?
She is shy / quiet / outgoing. 她很害羞/安静/外向。
- What do /does look like? 用于询问人的外表特征(长相)
eg:What does your younger brother look like? 你的弟弟什么样? He is very tall. 他很高。
- It is /was + 形容词 + to do 做某事是...... eg:It was great to play there. 去那里玩太棒了。
- 语法
- 一般过去时
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
- 动词过去式变化规则:
①一般在动词末尾如加ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked
②不发音的字母e结尾的单词末尾加d,如:taste-tasted hope-hoped
③末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ed, 如:stop-stopped ④以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied worry-worried
⑤不规则动词过去式: am/is-was are-were do-did see-saw say-said give-gave get- got go-went come-came have-had eat-ate take-took run-ran sing-sang put-put make-made read-read write-wrote draw-drew drink-drank fly-flew ride-rode speak-spoke sweep-swept buy-bought swim-swam sit-sat bring--brought can-could cut-cut become-became begin-began draw-drew feel-felt find-found forget-forgot hear-heard keep-kept know-knew learn-learnt (learned)
leave-left let-let lose-lost meet-met read-read sleep-slept speak-spoke take-took
teach-taught tell-told write-wrote think-thought
- 句子结构:
一般过去时的助动词did
①陈述句 主语+动词过去式+其他
主语+was/were not+其他
主语+didn’t +动词原形+其他
②一般疑问句 be/助动词did提到主语前
Was/Were+主语+其他
Did+主语+动词原形+其他 Yes, 主语+did./ No,主语+didn’t.
③特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 eg:What did Jim do yesterday? Who went to home yesterday? (3)常用时间状语
yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week/night/month/year„ 时间段+ago 多久以前 after+时间点=时间段+later 多久以后 just now 刚刚the other day 前几天/不久前某天 in the past 在过去 in+过去时间五、知识拓展
- 英语年月日的两种表达方式:月 + 日 + 年 或 日 + 月+年
eg:2014年5月1日: May 1st 2014 或 1st May , 2014 (读作:the first of May, 2014)
Module 8
- 单词
- once 曾经,一度,一次
eg:We once lived in Shanghai. 我们曾经在上海住过。 once a month 一个月一次
- decide 决定
①decide (not) to do sth. 决定(不)做某事
eg:They decided (not) to tell Tom about it. 他们决定(不)告诉汤姆。
②decide + that从句
eg:She has decided that she will be a doctor in the future.
③decision n. 决定 make a decision 做决定
eg:She has made a decision to become a doctor. 她决定成为一名医生。
- lost 丢失的,失去的;错过的,浪费掉的
eg:Try to find the lost key. 试图寻找丢掉的那把钥匙。
- notice 注意到,看到(感官动词) eg:I noticed he left very early. 我注意到他走得早。
notice sb. do sth. / notice sb. doing sth.
eg:I noticed her crying in the room. (正在哭) I noticed her cry in the room. (哭了)
- knock 敲,撞,碰 eg:He knocked his head against the door. 他把头朝着门上撞。
knock on /at the door 敲门 knock into 撞上
- 辨析either,too与also
either adv. 也,位于否定句句末,前面常加逗号。 eg:He doesn’t like running, either. 他也不喜欢跑步。
too 位于肯定句句末,前面常加逗号。 eg:He can swim , too . 他也会游泳。
as well 位于肯定句句末,前面不加逗号。 eg:He can swim as well. 他也会游泳。
also 位于肯定句句中,即位于be动词、助动词、情态动词后,实义动词前。 eg:He is also a student. 他也是一个学生。 He can also swim. 他也会游泳。 He also wants to go there. 他也想去那里。
- sleep / n. 睡觉 go to sleep 入睡,睡着 have a good sleep 好好睡一觉 eight hours’ sleep 八个小时的睡眠
sleeping adj. 睡觉的(在句中作定语)eg:a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping 一个睡着的男孩
asleep adj. (在句中作表语) be / fall asleep 睡着 eg:The baby is fast asleep. 宝宝很快就睡着了。
sleepy adj. 困倦的,想睡觉的 eg:I often feel sleepy in class. 在教室里沃经常想睡觉。 二、短语
- once upon a time 从前,很久以前 相当于 long long ago, 常用于讲故事的开头。
eg:Once upon a time, there was a king. 很久很久以前,有一位国王。
- look around 向四周看 eg:She looked around her but she saw 她向四周看了看,却什么也没看到。
3. look into 向......里面看;调查
eg:The soldier looked into the house, but he found nothing.士兵朝着屋里看了看,却什么也没看到
The police are looking into the accident. 警察在调查这件事情。
4. pick up 拾起,拾起 pick up sth. = pick sth. up sth.是名词时,可放up的前或后都可以。 当sth.是代词宾格时,只能放pick与up中间。 eg:pick the pen up = pick up the pen pick it / them up
5. try to do sth. 尽力做某事
eg:I will try to study English well. 我努力学好英语。
try doing sth. 试着做某事
eg:I tried knocking on the door, but nobody answered. 我试着一直敲门,可是没人应答。
try sth. 尝试某事物
eg:Please try the delicious mooncake. 尝一下美味的蛋糕吧。
try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大能力做某事
eg:I will try my best to get there on time. 我会尽我最大的努力准时到达的。
6. return sb. sth. return sth. to sb. = give back sth. to sb. 把某物归还某人 return to = go / come back to 回到 eg:I’ll return to school before 5 o’clock this afternoon. 下午五点之前我将回学校。
7. point at 指着(近处) eg:The girl is pointing at the table. 那个女孩指着桌子。
point to 指向(远处) eg:Please point to the sky. 请指向天空。
Module 9
- 单词
- by 由......(创作),出自 eg: Hamlet was by 《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚写的。
- 辨析ago与before
ago adv. ......以前,(从现在算起的一段时间以前),用于一般过去时。
eg: He went to visit his parents three years ago. 他三年前去看过他的父母。
before 指某一时间点之前,用于多种时态。
eg: I will come back before 8 o’clock. 八点前我会回来。
口诀:before常在时间点之前,ago常在时间段之后。
- marry 娶;嫁
- marry 嫁给/ 娶某人 eg:The girl married a doctor last year. 这个女孩去年嫁给了一个医生。
- marry to sb. 把某人嫁给某人 eg:She married her daughter to a doctor. 她把女儿嫁给了一个医生。3) be/get married to sb. 与某人结婚
eg:The girl was /got married to a teacher last year. 这个女孩和一位医生结婚了。
- become 变得,成为,连系动词,后接名词或形容词,作表语。
eg:He became a famous player when he was sixteen. 他16岁的时候成为了著名的运动员。
- successful 成功的 eg:I think he is a successful businessman. 我认为他是一个成功的商人。
succeed v. 成功 succeed in doing sth. 成功做成某事
eg:He succeeded in finishing the work.他成功地完成了工作。
success n. 成功 eg:Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。
- die 死,去死,其过去式为died,现在分词为dying,形容词为dead.
- die , dead , dying区分
die 动词,强调“死”这一瞬间的动作,非延续性动词。
eg:The old man died last week. 那个老人上周去世了。
dead 形容词,强调“死”的状态,意为“死的,无生命的”
eg:The old man has been dead for two years. 那个老人去世两周了。
dying 是die的现在分词,也可作形容词,意为“垂死的,临死的”
eg:The dog is dying. 那只狗快要死了。
固定搭配: die from 由于„而死,一般用于外伤,衰老而死(外因)
eg:He died from an accident. 他死于车祸。
die of 由于„而死,一般用于疾病,情感而死(内因)
eg:My grandpa died of illness. 我的爷爷因病痛而去世。
- 辨析historic与historical
historic adj. 有历史意义的 eg:This is a great historic change. 这是伟大的历史性转变。
historical adj. 历史上的,有关历史的 eg: a historical event 历史事件
- worth 值得
be worth doing 值得做„ eg:The book is worth reading. 这本书值得看。
be worth + n. 值,价值 eg:The book is worth 20 yuan. 这本书价值20元。
- 短语
- find out 发现,查明 eg: Please find out the timetable of the 请查明火车的时刻表。
- in one’s life 一生,一辈子eg: I have visited lots of countries in my 我这一辈去过了许多国家。
- as well as 也,还有,而且 用来连接两个相同的成分,但强调的重点在前面,它在连接主语时,谓语动词在人称和数上与前一项保持一致(就远原则)。
eg:Tom as well as his parents goes to the park at weekends. 周末,汤姆和父母一起去了公园。
- 知识拓展
- 月份:一月:January二月:February 三月:March四月:April五月:May 六月:June 七月:July八月:August九月:September十月:October十一月:November 十二月:December
- 节日: Children’s Day 儿童节 National Day 国庆节 Women’s Day 妇女节 New Year’s Day 新年 Teachers’ Day 教师节 Labour’s Day 劳动节 Spring Festival 春节
- at the age of 在„岁时 可位于句首或句末,相当于when引导的时间状语从句。
at the age of + 基数词 = when sb. be +基数词 + years old = at + 基数词 eg:At the age of seven, she began to learn dance. = At seven, she began to learn dance. = When she was seven years old, she began to learn dance. 她七岁的时候开始学跳舞。
- in the + 整数年+ s 在......世纪......年代 eg: in the 1960s 在十九世纪六十年代
- 复数名词所有格的构成:
① 规则的名词复数形式,在其后直接加 ’
eg:girls’ bags 女孩子们的包
②不规则的名词复数形式,如果不以s结尾,其所有格是在其后加 ’s
eg:Children’s park 儿童公园 Women’s shops 妇女商店
- actor 男演员 actress 女演员 an actor / actress
Module 10
- 单词
- meet 迎接;遇见,碰见 ;结识,被引见介绍
eg:Will you meet me at the station? 你要到车站接我吗? I met him in the street. 我在街上遇见了他。 Come and meet my family. 来认识一下我的家人。
- excited 感到兴奋的、激动的,表示人的心理感受,作表语时,主语为人。
exciting adj.令人兴奋的,表示某事(物)给人的感受,作表语时,主语为物。
eg: I was excited to hear the good news. 听到这个消息我很激动。
The exciting news made me feel excited. 这个令人激动的消息令我很激动。
- any 任何的 只作定语,多用于疑问句、否定句或条件状语从句中。后面可跟可数名词复数,也可跟不可数名词。
eg:He doesn’t have any books. 他没有任何书。
任何一个(三者或三者以上),用于肯定句中。
eg:You can buy the book at any bookshop. 你可以在任何一家书店买到这本书。
any用作代词,意为“无论哪一个,无论哪些”
eg:If any of your friends is /are interested, let me know. 如果你的朋友们有谁感兴趣,告诉我。
- tired ①疲倦的,劳累的 After a day’s work, I feel tired. 一天工作之后我好累。
②厌倦的,厌烦的 I’m tired of my boiled eggs. 我厌倦了煮鸡蛋。
- relax 放松
relax sb./oneself 放松某人/某人自己 eg:I need a cup of tea to relax myself. 我需要一杯茶来放松一下。 relaxing adj. 令人轻松的(修饰事或物) eg:The song is relaxing. 这首歌令人感到放松。
relaxed adj. 某人感到轻松、放松(修饰人) eg:I felt relaxed after I finished my work. 完成工作后我感到轻松。二、知识拓展
- arrive at + (小地方) eg:I arrived at the park at eight.
arrive in + sp. (大地方) eg: Tom will arrive in Beijing tomorrow.
get to + sp. (地点) eg:My brother gets to the farm to help my mother after school. arrive/get + 地点副词(不带介词 at /in/to)eg:I will get /arrive home at six o’clock.
- such + a/an + 形 + 单数可数名词 eg:She is such a kind
such + 形 + 可数名词复数 eg:He bought such beautiful flowers.
so + 形/副词 eg:The story is so interesting that I want to read it again. He spoke so quickly that I couldn’t follow him.
so + 形 +a /an +单数可数名词 eg:She is so kind a girl that everyone loves her.
Module 11
- 单词
- only ① 只是,仅仅 ②adj. 唯一的,仅有的
eg:I only touched it. 我只是摸了它一下。John is the only boy in his family. 约翰是家中唯一的男生。
- rude 粗鲁的;无礼的 n. rudeness eg:Don’t be so rude to your father. 不要对你的父亲如此无礼。
- 短语
- put one’s hands together 把手合拢 eg:In India people put their hands
- close to 靠近 eg:I live close to a 我住的地方靠近公园。
- arm in arm 譬挽臂地,手挽手 eg:The two girls often walk arm in
Hand in hand 手拉手 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩 face to face 面对面
- move away 移开/移走 /搬开 eg:Move the box 把箱子搬走。
move to 搬到 eg:We are moving to a bigger house. 我们要搬到一个大房子里。
move on 继续前进 eg:Let’s move on. 我们继续。
- ..at all 根本不,一点也不 (用于疑问句、否定句) eg:They don’t like apples at all. 他们一点也不喜欢苹果。 Not at all. 不用谢,别客气(回应对方感谢时的用语) eg:Thank you.→Not at all.
- in fact 事实上,实际上 eg: In fact I don’t know 实际上我不认识她。
- on time 准时,按时 eg: We should get there on 我们应该准时到达那里。
in time 及时 eg: When I was hungry, my mother sent the bread to me in time.
- 句型
- That’s .. 那是因为......
eg:That’s because you were not careful enough. 那是因为你不够细心。
That’s because the weather was bad. 那是因为天气太糟糕了。
- How/what about (doing) ? (做)某事怎么样?
eg:How/What about swimming this afternoon? 下午去游泳怎么样?
What/How about your school life? 你的校园生活怎么样?
- It is (for sb.) to do sth.
eg:It is easy for us to learn Chinese well. 对于我们来说,学习中文是十分简单的。
- 知识拓展
- 表示次数 once 一次 twice 两次 三次及三次以上用 基数词 + times eg:three times 三次
Module 12
- 单词
- 辨析both与all
both , all 位于be动词后,行为动词前。Both, all 后都可跟of。
①both 两者都 eg:My parents are both teachers. 我的父母都是老师
both A and B A和B都是 eg:Both Peter and Jack like basketball. 皮特和杰克都喜欢打篮球。
②all 三者或三者以上都 eg:The three boys are all from China. 三个男生都来自中国。 T
he students in our class all like PE. = All of the students in my class like PE. 我们班的所有学生都喜欢体育课。2. 辨析sound,voice与noise
sound 泛指人们能听到的各种声音 eg:She heard a strange sound. 她听到一种陌生的声音。
voice 指人说话或唱歌时发出的声音eg:The girl has a sweet voice. 那个女孩声音甜美。
noise 指“噪音”,指不悦耳的,令人烦恼的 eg:I can hear the noise from the factory. 我能听到工厂的噪音。3. noisy adj. 吵闹的,嘈杂的 eg:The classroom is very noisy. 教室十分吵闹。
- 辨析lively与lovely
lively 强调“活泼的,生动的”,lovely 强调“可爱的,令人愉快的” 。
eg:The party was very lovely, and the lively girl had a great time. 聚会很有趣,活泼的女孩们都玩得很开心。 5. 辨析elder与older
elder 年长的,常修饰人,用来表示家庭中有血缘关系的年龄较大的哥哥或姐姐,常作定语,其后不可跟than引导的比较状语从句。 elder brother哥哥 elder sister姐姐
older年龄较大的,较老的,较旧的。常修饰人或物。既可作定语,也可作表语,其后可跟than引导的比较状语从句。 eg:My elder brother is two years older than I. 我哥哥比我大两岁。
6.over=more than超过,多于 eg:I have over 100 books. = I have more than 100 books. 我的书超过100本。
7. 辨析happen与take place
happen 发生,碰巧(偶然或突发性事件) eg:An accident happened in that street. 街上发生了一起意外。 What is happening outside? 外面发生了什么?
take place 发生,举行,举办,(非偶然性的)不用于被动语态中。
eg:This story took place last year. 故事发生在去年。
When will the basketball game take place? 篮球赛何时举行?
- 短语
- much too + 形/副词 太 (中心词是too) eg:This camera is much too I can’t afford it. 相机太贵了,我买不起。 You are walking much too fast. I can’t catch up with you. 你跑太快了,我赶不上。
- make /sth. + 形容词 使某人/某物...... eg:The good news made me very happy.这个好消息让我好开心。 make sb. do sth. 使(让)某人做某事 eg:The manager made the workers work all day. 经理让工人们工作了一整天。
- all over 遍及 eg:all over the world 全世界 all over the country 整个国家
- take around sp. =show sb. around so. 带领某人四处参观某地 eg:Would you like to take /show us around your school? 你能带我参观一下你们学校么?
- 句型
- Give us a break! 让我们清静会吧!(用来阻止别人做令人厌烦的事情)
give / have / take a break 表示“休息一会” have a rest 休息
- 语法
- 反意疑问句:一个肯定或肯定的陈述句后加上个简短的问句,回答时用yes或no。
- 前肯后否:--- Tom is a student, isn’t he? 汤姆不是个学生么?
--- Yes, he is . 不,他是的。/ No, he isn’t. 对,他不是。
- 前否后肯:--- You didn’t go to the party, did you? 你没去聚会么?
--- Yes, I did. 不,我去过。 / No, I didn’t. 是的,我没去。