人教版初中英语八年级上册下册知识点

2023年2月21日22:04:19初中英语178阅读模式

Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?

◆短语归纳

  • go on vacation去度假 be on vacation 度假    3.stay at home待在家里   4.go to the mountains去爬山

5.go to the beach去海滩       6.visit museums 参观博物馆         7.go to summer camp去参观夏令营

8.quite a few相当多          9.study for为……而学习             10.go out出去

11.most of the time大部分时间 12.taste good尝起来很好吃           13.have a good time玩得高兴

14.of course当然             15. in the past在过去                16.feel like给……的感觉

17.go shopping去购物        18.walk around四处走走             19.because of因为

20.one bowl of… 一碗……    21.the next day第二天               22.drink tea喝茶

23.find out找出;查明        24.go on继续                      25.take photos照相

26.something important重要的事27.up and down上上下下           28.come up出来

29.come down   下来         30.something important 重要的事情   31. too many太多

 

◆典句必背

  • Where did you go on vacation?        I went to New York City.
  • Did you go out with anyone?         No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation.
  • Did you buy anything special?       Yes, I bought something for my father.
  • How was the food?                 Everything tasted really good.
  • Did everyone have a good time?      Oh, Everything was excellent.

 

◆用法集萃

1.不定代词以及复合不定代词

不定代词有 all, each, both, either,neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, (a) few,

  • little, both, enough, every 等,以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词(即somebody, anyone,

nothing等)。

在这些不定代词中,多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语,但是代词 none 以及由 some, any, no 和 every

构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语,不能作定语,而 no 和 every 则只用作定语。

复合不定代词:由some,any,no,every加上-body,-one,-thing构成的不定代词,叫做复合不定代词。

somebody = someone某人               something 某物,某事
anybody = anyone任何人               anything什么事物,任何事物,无论什么事物
nobody = no one没有人,不重要的人    nothing没有东西,什么也没有;不重要的人或事

everybody = everyone每人,人人,所有人   everything每一个事物,一切

词组:for nothing(徒劳,没有好结果,免费),nothing but(仅仅,只不过),

It’s nothing. (不用谢,不必在意)      anybody else(别人)

(1)复合不定代词只相当于名词,在句子中作主语、宾语和表语,而不能作定语。
Everything is made of elements.任何东西都是元素构成的。(作主语)
I have nothing to say toady.我今天没什么可讲的。(作宾语)
That`s nothing.没什么。(作表语)

(2)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

(3)代替与-thing构成的复合不定代词,用it;代替与-body, -one构成的复合不定代词,一般用they,

在正式文体中可用he。

如:Everyone knows what they have to do, don’t they ?

Everyone knows what he has to do, doesn’t he ? 每个人都知道他必须做什么,不是吗?

  • something和anything的区别与some和any的区别一样,前者一般用于肯定句,后者一般用于否定句、

疑问句或条件状语从句中。
I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。(肯定句)
Someone is asking to see you.有人要见你。 (肯定句)
Has anything happened ?出什么事了吗?  (疑问句
We can`t decide anything now.我们现在不能作什么决定。 (否定句)
If you want anything, call me.你要是需要什么可以给我打电话。(条件状语从句)

(5)复合不定代词被定语所修饰时,形容词或不定式等其他定语则须放在它们的后面。
There is nothing wrong with the machine.这机器没出什么毛病。(形容词)

This is something special. 这是种特别的东西。(形容词)
Is there anything important in today``s newspaper?今天报纸上有什么重要消息吗?(形容词)

Do you want anything to drink ?你想喝点什么吗?
If there is anything I can do for you , please tell me.如果有什么我能帮你的,请告诉我。

④除与-thing构成的复合不定代词外,即everyone、everybody、someone,somebody都有所有格形式;当其后

有else时,’s要加在else后面。如: That must be somebody else’s coat; it isn’t mine. 那一定是别人的外衣,

不是我的。

⑤everyone=everybody, anyone=anybody, 只指人,不能与of短语连用;every one, any one可指人也可指物,一

定要与of连用才可以。如:Is anybody here? 有人吗?

You can take any one of these. 你可以随便拿一个。
⑥与some-,any-构成的复合不定代词的用法与some, any的用法相同。与any-构成的复合不定代词一般用于

否定句或疑问句中,not…any-构成完全否定,但没有any-…not的说法;与some-构成的复合不定代词用于肯

定句、预料作肯定回答的疑问句、建议或请求的疑问句中

6)anywhere 与 somewhere  两者都是不定副词。

anywhere  在任何地方 , 常用于否定句和疑问句中。I can’t find it anywhere.

somewhere  在某处,到某处,常用于肯定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here.

分合皆能单独用,后加of合不成。
不定代词美名扬,修饰成分后边藏;单数动词作谓语,何时何地都一样。

 

  • buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物

 

3.系动词 + adj

taste + adj. 尝起来…look+adj. 看起来…smell 闻起来 sound 听起来 feel 感觉起来

taste delicious…look beautiful…smell terrible … sound wonderful… feel comfortable /tired / bored/

 

4.nothing…but+动词原形   除了……之外什么都没有

 

5.seem+(to be)+ adj.  看起来…… No one seemed to be bored.

 

  • seem to do sth.好像……I seem to have a cold

 

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