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初中英语句型结构总结
★★基本规则：
1）一个句子原则上只有一个主语和一个谓语，同一句中其余动词要变成to do或doing或done等非谓语形式；逗号不能连接两个句子；
2）形容词修饰名词放在名词之前或之后作定语；
3）副词修饰形容词或者动词放在动词之前或之后做状语；
4）介词后接名词或动名词doing，称为介宾短语；
5）翻译一个句子首先翻译主谓宾，再把定状补或时间地点方式等词相应穿插进去；
6)记单词时必须记住其词性及变化规则，否则无法用。
1 see，hear，notice，find，feel，listen to，look at (感官动词)+ do
2 （比较级+ and 比较级） 表示越来越……
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）
a place of interest 名胜 a man of fame名人
4 agree with sb. 赞成某人 agree on sth同意某事
5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一种/样kind of有点=a little
6 all over/around the world = the whole world 整个世界
7 along with 同……一道，伴随…get along well with sb
8 as soon as 一……就……as far as......就......而言/所知
As for sb对某人而言 as long as只要...
9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for …求助 向…要…(直接接想要的东西)
11 ask sb. for sth. 向某人要什么
12 ask sb. to do sth. 询问某人某事
ask sb. not to do sth. 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of +年龄 在……岁时
- at the beginning of sth…的起初；……的开始 =firstly
15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后；尽头；末尾
16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候
at least 至少 at most最多
17 be /feel confident of sth. /that clause + 从句 感觉/对什么有信心，自信
18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时(可表示伴随） 2 将来时=be....to do sth（to do可表示目的）
19 be able to do(v.原) = can (+ v.原） 能够干什么……
20 be about to do sth=be going to do 将要做...
base on sth 以……(为)根据=depend on sth
21 be afraid to do \of sth. 恐惧，害怕……
22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么
23 be angry with sb. 生某人的气
24 be angry with (at) sb. for doing sth.
为什么而生某人的气
25 be as +形原级+ as 和什么一样
not as/so+形原级+as= less... than不那么，不如
26 be ashamed to do sth以做....为耻
27 be away from sth 远离.....
28 be away from sw 从……离开
29 be good/bad for sth 对什么有好/害处
30 be born in sw出生于 be born with sth天生具有
31 be busy doing sth. 忙于做什么事
be busy with sth. 忙于……
32 be careful 当心；小心
be close to sth… 离……很近=next to sth
33 be different from sth… 和……不一样
34 be famous for 以…（某物）著名=be known for sth
Be famous as sth以..(身份）而出名=be known as sth
35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好
36 be from = come from 来自
37 be full of sth装满……的 be filled with sth 充满
38 be glad/happy/pleased + to do/从句 做某事很高兴
39 be going to + v.(原） 打算，计划，准备……
40 be good at(+ doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……
41 be good for 对什么有好处
42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事
43 be helpful to sb. 对某人有好处
44 be in good health 身体健康
45 be in trouble 处于困难中
46 be/get/become interested in sth对某方面感兴趣
47 be late for sth = come late to sth 迟到
48 be like sth像……
49 be mad/crazy at sth生某人的气
50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)
be made in 在……生产或制造
51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)
52 be not sure 表不确定=unsure
53 be on a visit to sw=visit sw参观
54 be popular with sb. 受某人欢迎
be pleased with sb 对…感到满意
55 be quiet=in silence 安静
56 be short for sth表……的缩写
57 be sick/ill in bed 生病在床
58 be sorry to do sth. be sorry for sb.
59 be sorry to hear that对于...感到抱歉
60 be sorry to trouble sb.打搅某人很抱歉
61 be strict in doing sth. 严于做某事
62 be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格
63 be strict with sb in sth. 某方面对某人严格
64 be supposed to do 被要求（应该）干什么
65 be sure=be certain 表确定
66 be sure of doing sth. 对做某事有信心
67 be sure of sth\doing. 对做某事有信心
68 be sure that+句子. 对做某事有信心
69 be sure to do sth. 一定会做某事
70 be terrified/afraid of + 名/动 doing 害怕……
71 be terrified to do sth. 害怕做某事
72 be the same as sth 和什么一样（性质）
Be the same with sth和...是同一样
73 be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事
74 be worth doing 值得做什么
75 be (feel) afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事
be afraid of sth. 害怕某物
be afraid that 丛句
76 because + 句子 because of + 短语
77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事
start … with … = begin … with … 以…开始…
78 between … and … 两者之间
79 borrow sth. from sb. 向……借……（借进）
lend sth. to sb. lend sb. sth. 借给……什么东西
80 both = the same (as) =be not different (from) 表相同
81 bother 打扰 bother sb. to do sth.
both … and … …和……都
82 by the end of sth到……为止
83 call sb. sth. eg: We call him Old Wang.
84 care v. 关心 +ful细心 +less粗心
85 catch up with sb. 赶上某人
86 chat with sb. 和某人闲谈=talk with sb
take sb. to + 地点 带某人去某地
87 come in 进来
88 come over to sw 过来
89 come up with 提出=think of
90 communicate with sb. 和某人交流
91 consider + doing考虑做=think about doing
92 dance to sth随着……跳舞
93 decide to do sth. 决定做某事
94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查
95 do better in sth在……方面做得更好
do well in sth 在……方面干的好
96 do wrong/well 做错/对 drop off sth放下（某物）
97 Don't forget to do sth. 不要忘了做某事。
98 Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词. 不要介意……。
99 each + 名(单)每一个……
100 end up + doing sth以做...结尾
101 enjoy + doing 喜欢
102 escape from sw 从……逃跑
103 expect to do sth. 期待做某事
=look forward to doing sth
104 fall down from sth摔下来=fall off sth 从…摔下来
105 fall in love with sb. /sth. 爱上……
106 far from sw离某地远
107 find + it + adj. + to do 发现做某事……
108 find sb./sth. +adj. 发现什么… :find a man dead
109 finish + doing（名词） 完成做……
Finish to do sth 完成上一件去做这件事
110 fit to sb. = be fit for sb. 适合某人 =suit sb
111 forget to do 没有做而忘了
forget doing 忘了做了的事
112 from … to … 从某地到某地
113 get /have sth. done 使...被做完，被（别人）做……
114 get a part/full-time job = find a part-time job
115 get along well with sb. = get on well with sb. 与某人相处得好
116 get along with sb. = get on with sb. 与某人相处
117 get ready for = be ready for 为什么而准备
=be prepared to do sth准备好做某事
get sth back 使某物被退还……
118 get sb into trouble 给某人麻烦
119 get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
get out of sw从……取出
120 get sth from sw 从某处得到某物
121 give a speech/talk/report 做演讲/报告
122 give sth to sb.= give sb sth. 给某人某物
123 go fishing 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳
go over sth过一遍；仔细检查=check out=check sth
124 go on to do 去做下一件事
go on doing 继续做这件事
125 go out away from sw go out of sw
126 go to school 上学（用于专业的）
go to the school 去学校（不一定是上学）
127 good way to do sth好方法
The key to doing sth做某事的关键
128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事
hate doing 讨厌做过的事
129 have a party for sb. 举办谁的晚会
130 have a talk 听报告 谈一谈
131 have been doing sth 现在完成进行时
132 have been to sw ( 地方）……去过某过地方
have gone to sw（地方） 去了某地还没回来
had better(not) do sth. 最好(不要）做某事
133 have fun + doing 玩得高兴=have a good time
134 have sth to do sth有什么事要做
135 have to do sth. 必须做某事 have sth. done 使某物被完成
136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth. 做什么事情有麻烦
137 have time + doing sth
have no time to do sth. 没有时间做某事
138 have …(时间) … off =be off放……假
139 hear sb. +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事
140 help a lot 很大用处
141 help sb. with sth = with one's sth. 帮助某人某事（某方面）
help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
- hope to do sth. 希望做某事
143 How about(+ doing)? = What about(+ doing)? (做）…怎样？
144 how do you like sth= what do you think of
=what is sb/sth like? 你对什么的看法.....
145 if: 是否 ＝ whether(or not) 后+宾语从句
146 if: 如果，假如(全部接一般时态)＋条件语态从句
147 in one's opinion = sb. think +句子 某人认为......
148 in some ways 在某些方面
149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后=at the end of sth
150 in the north of sth什么在什么的北方
（north 北 south 南 west 西 east 东）
151 in the sun 在阳光下 in the air在空中 on the air广播
152 increase 增加=add=put on decrease减少
153 instead of +（名）代替,反而，而不是
154 introduce sb. to sb. 介绍某人给某人
introduce oneself 自我介绍=self introduction
155 invite sb to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
156 It takes sb sometime to do sth. 做某事花某人多少时间
=sb spend time doing sth 注：take主语不能是人
157 It's + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事怎么样。
158 It's + adj. + to do 做某事怎么样。
159 It's + adj. for sb. 对于某人来说怎么样。
It's + adj. of sb. 对某人来说太怎么样。
注：it..of...句中，of前的形容词修饰主语的内在品质
160 It's + adj.(for sb.) to do sth.（对某人来说）做某事怎么样。
It's + adj. of sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事太怎么样。
161 It's a good idea for sb. to do sth. 对……来说是个好主意。
162 It's important to sb. 对某人来说很重要。
- It's time to do sth=It's time for sth. 到了该去做某事的时间。
164 join 为参加党派社团参军等组织
take part in为参加群众形活动会议劳动游行等非组织活动
165 just now 刚才（已过去） right now现在，立刻
166 keep +sb. /sth. + adj. /介词短语 让什么保持…keep fit
Keep sb doing sth 让某人一直.. :keep me waiting
167 keep out 不让……进入
168 keep sb adj. 让……保持…keep the baby quiet
169 key to +名词/doing 表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案
170 key to sth= answer to sth 可以是答题或钥匙
171 laugh at sb 取笑……
172 learn by oneslfe 自学 by hand 手工
learn from sb向……学习
173 learn from sb. 向某人学习
174 learn to do sth. 学做某事
learn something by heart 背诵记熟
175 let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
lend sthto sb 把某物借给某人=lend sb sth
176 let sb. down 让某人失望
177 live ..from sw :离某地远
178 live in + 大地方 /at + 小地方 居住在某地
179 look after sb= take care of sb照顾 照看
180 lose one's way 谁迷路=get/be lost
181 make a decision to do sth.=decide to do决定做某事
make a contribution to doing 贡献给
182 make friends with sb. 和谁成为朋友
- make it early 把时间定的早一点
184 make on exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相
185 make sb. /n. + n. 使……成为…make me a fool - make sb. /sth. +adj. 使某人（某物）怎么样
Make me crazy/happy使我发疯/开心
187 make sb. /sth. adj. 使某人/某物怎么样
188 make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事make me cry
189 make up one's mind to do下决心做某件事
190 make … difference to …事发挥作用
191 mind sb. to do介意某人做某事（还未做。不常用）
Mind doing sth介意某人做某事（正在做）
Do you mind my smoking here?介意我吸烟吗？
192 most + 名 most of + 代 大多数
193 much too + 形容词=very 太
194 must be +形/名 一定
195 need +名词/ to do sth
196 need sb. do sth. 需要某人做某事
197 need to do (实义动词） need do (情态动词）
198 no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing
199 no + 名词 not+形/to do
200 not anymore = no more 再也不…(次数不再）
Not any longer=no longer 不再（时间不再延长）
201 not/never … (形 、副）at all
202 not …at all 一点都不
not only … but also … 不但……而且……
203 not … either 表否定，也不either：否定句尾
204 not/never… until 直到……才……
205 offer / provide sb. with sth. 给某人提供
206 offer sb. sth. ( offer sth to sb. 提供什么东西给某人
207 on one's way to sw在谁去那的路上
208 on the one hand 一方面...on the other hand 另一方面..
209 on the phone = over the phone 用电话交谈
210 on time 准时 in time 及时
211 one day ＝ some day ＝ someday 有一天
The other day过去的某一天
212 one of + 可数名词的复数形式+动单 其中之一...
The number of +名词复数+动词单数 ....的数量..
A number of +名词复数+动词复数 大量的....
213 one to another 一个到另一个
214 over and over again 一遍又一遍的
215 part-time job 兼职工作
216 pay sth for sb… 付……钱
pay the bill for me为我付钱
217 pull sb up from … 把……从……拉上来
218 please help yourself请自便=enjoy yourself
219 be pleased with sb.
220 pool into = pore into倒入
221 practice + doing 练习做某事
222★★ prefer sth. to sth. 相对……更喜欢……
prefer doing sth to doing sth. 更喜欢去做……不愿意去做……
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做…也不愿..
prefer sb. not to do sth. 更愿意……
223 pretend to do sth. 假装着去做什么 pretend +that 从句
224 rather.. than 宁可……也不……
Other than 而不是=instead of
225 regard sth as sth 把……当作……
226 remid sb. about sth. 提醒某人什么事 remid sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
227 remid sb. of sth. =think of使某人想起什么
228 return sth. to sb. 还什么东西给某人=return sb sth
229 say to oneself 对自己说
230 say to sb. 对某人说
231 ★★sb spend some money on sth 花了多少钱在某事上
232 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少时间陪谁
233 sb spend sometime(in) doing sth 花了多少时间做某事
234 ★★sb with sb +is ..........= sb and sb +are....... ; with表伴随不算入主语中 Tom with Bob is going to play soccer.
235 see sb do 看见某人做过某事
see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事
236 seem to do/be +adj 好像怎么样
237 send +sb sth 送给某人某物=send sth to sb
238 send sth to sw把什么寄到哪里去
239 shock sb使……震惊 be shocked 被震惊了
240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物
241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什么东西给某人看
242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物
243 some…others… 一些……（剩余的）另一些……
244 start…with… 从……开始start class with ABC...
begin…with… 从……开始
245 stay away from sw 远离……
start doing sth/start to dosth 开始做某事
246 stop doing 停下正在做的事
247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
248 stop sb(from) doing 阻止某人做某事
249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事
250 such +(a)名 这样 ，这种 so+形+(a)名
251 suit sb 适合某人
252 surprise(v) sb 使某人惊奇
to one's surprise(n)=surprisingly 令某人惊奇
253 take classes 上课
take one's temperature 给某人量体温
254 take sb to sw 把某人带去
255 take walks = take a walk= go for a walk 散步
256 ①talk to sb对谁说② talk with sb和谁说
③talk of sth谈到④ talk about sth谈论关于……
257 talk with sb 和某人说话
258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事
259 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事
260 tell sb sth tell sb that 丛句
tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不做某事
tell a story 讲故事
261 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事
262 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做什么
tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做什么
263 thanks to sth幸亏，由于
Thanks for sth 感谢...
264 thank you for +doing
thank sb for sth 因某事而感谢某人
265 the same +名词(doing)+as……
the more… the more…越…就越…the bigger, the better.
266 the same…(名)…as sth
as…(adj adv)…as 相同 not as/so..as不如=less than
267 the way to do sth＝the way of doing sth 做某方面的方法 the day before yesterday 前天 the day after tomorrow
the way to +地方 去哪的路
268 the way to…（地点） 到哪的路
269 too…to… 太怎样而不能…… =so.....that....
Be adj +enough to do足够…能.. 注:enough放在名前形副后
he is brave enough to kill the snake.
so…that +丛句 太… 所以…
- translate……into…… 把什么翻译成什么
=turn sth into sth
271 travel with sb 和某人去旅游
272 try one's best to do sth 尽某人最大的努力去做某事
273 try to do sth=try and do 努力尽力做...
try doing sth =try sth尝试做
have a try 试一下
275 turn down 开小 ←→ turn up 开大
276 turn off 关上 ←→ turn on 打开
- upside down 倒着unless=if not 如果不
278 a visit tosw参观某个地方
279 wait for sb 等某人
280 wait for sb to do sth 等某人做什么 wait for sb 等某人
wait for sometime 等多少间
281 wake sb up 把某人叫醒 awake醒着的
- want to do sth 想做某事
283 watch sb do sth 观看某人做某事
=see sb do sth
wear out把…穿坏
284 welcome to +…（地方） 欢迎到……
285 what/how about +n /doing
286 what if 如果……怎么办 What if +句子
So what？又怎样 ？
287 what they will do？ = what to do
288 What's the matter ? = What's the trouble ?
= What's wrong ? 有什么困难？
289 ★★while +延续性动词(如sit walk eat read)
When+延续/非延续 while还可表示转折对比：可是
290 why don't you do = why not do sth？ 无do无代词
291 will you please do will you please not do
292 with one's best = with the help of sb 在某人的帮助下
293 with the help of sb 在某人的帮助下=with one's help
294 work at sw在某处工作
295 work with sb 和某人一起工作
296 would like sth /to do sth
- would you please +do.....?
Had better do sth最好做某事
- yet :至今 ，用在完成时否定句中
299 you'd better do 最好做某事
you'd better not do 最好不要做某事
you’d=you had（注意you’d like to do中you’d=you would)
300 不定式 +v(原）=to do
301 ★★联系动词四大类：1）感官动词：taste吃起来/sound听起来/look看起来/semll闻起来; 2）表示保持的动词：keep,stay,remain,leave; 3)表示变化的动词：become,get,turn; 4)be动词am, is, are, was,were.后面统统接形容词作表语！！！！！
302 ★★名词、副词、 形容词修饰 enongh 时, 形容词放在之前 ， 名词 副词放在之后 名前形副后
303 太多 too much +不可数 too many +可数 much too= very=太 ，修饰形容词
304 向宾语提问：Whom
305 向地点提问：Where
306 向方式提问：How
307 向价格和不可数名词提问：How much
308 向可数名词提问：How many
309 向频率提问： How often
310 向时间段和物体长度提问：How long
向距离远近提问：how far
311 向时间提问：what time/when
312 向物主代词提问：Whose谁的
313 向职业提问：what do/does…sb do ?
314 向主语提问： Who
315 在将来时中，……以后用 in;
一般时态中，……以后用 after
316★★It's time to do sth.(It's time for sb. to do sth) 该到(某人)做某事的时间了.
317. can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待地要求做某事.
Can’t help doing sth忍不住做某事
318. ask (tell)sb. (not )to do sth . 请(告诉)某人(不)做某事.
319. make/let sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事.(使役动词+do)
320. hear/see/sb. do sth 听见/看见某人做某事.
- one… the other (两个当中的）一个.....另一个.... ；
‚some… the others(有三个以上）一些....另一些... ；
ƒone… another，another…(任意无范围）一个...另一个...再一个....；
④some… others，others…； others = other people/things（剩余的一些）一些....剩余的一些....剩余的另一些.....;
1) 泛指任意另一个用another
2) 一定范围内两人(物)，一个用one，另一个用the other。
3) 一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one或 another，第三个可用the other，a third。
4) 一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others，也用others。the others = the rest 剩余的全部
5) 泛指别的人或物时，用others; 指当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部，若指剩余的全部用the others.
