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一、介词by的用法
- 1. by表示方式、方法或手段，后接名词或动名词，意为“使用某物；靠；乘(车、船)等”。如：
Do you learn English by reading aloud？你通过大声朗读来学习英语吗？
I often go to school by bike.我经常骑自行车去上学。
- 2. by表示时间，意为“到……时(为止)；在……以前、不迟于”。如：
I have to go to bed by ten o'clock.我必须10点前睡觉。
Can you finish your work by nine o'clock？你能在9点前完成你的工作吗？
- 3. by表示地点、位置，意为“靠近；在……旁边”。如：
The boy often reads books by the river.这个男孩经常在河边读书。
- 4. by表示移动的方向，意为“从……旁边过”。如：
He walked by me without speaking.他从我旁边经过，没有说话。
- 5. by表示根据，意为“按照”。如：
What time is it by your watch？你的手表几点了？
- 6. by表示被抓着，被接触身体的某一部分。如：
She took me by the hand.她拉着我的手。
二、动名词用法小结
- 1. 动名词在句中作主语
(1)动名词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 如：
Doing morning exercises is good for our health.做早操对我们的健康有好处。
(2)可以用 it作形式主语，而把真正的主语后置。如：
Getting up early is good for your health.→It's good for your health to get up early.早起对你的健康有益。
- 2. 动名词在句中作宾语
动名词在句中作宾语时，一般放在某一及物动词或介词之后充当这一动词或介词的宾语。
(1)后接动名词作宾语的及物动词有：finish，enjoy，keep，stand(忍受)，suggest，advise，practice，allow，mind，imagine 等。 如：
The tourists enjoy staying in Kunming all the year round.游客们喜欢一整年都待在昆明。
Do you mind opening the window？你介意开一下窗户吗？
(2)动名词作介词的宾语，包括以介词结尾的动词短语，如： give up，take part in，be good at等。如：
I know you are good at drawing pictures.我知道你擅长画画。
Many young people took part in planting trees on Tree Planting Day.很多年轻人在植树节那天参加植树活动。
Ⅰ.选词填空。
- 1. Her mother goes to work ________(on/by) bus every morning.
- 2. The two kids practice spoken English ________(by/with) joining the English club.
- 3. ________(To watch/Watching) movies is a popular way for many people to relax.
- 4. As we know，it's not polite to keep others ________(wait/waiting) for a long time.
- 5. Jane，come in and sit ________(between/by) me.
Ⅱ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
- 6. Do you often memorize new words by ________(make) vocabulary lists?
- 7. Can you finish ________(do) your homework before nine o'clock?
- 8. Don't worry about ________(make) mistakes when you talk to foreigners in English.
- 9. ________(help) each other at school is a way to improve our friendship.
- 10. We have worked for three hours.Let's stop ________(work) and have a rest.
Ⅲ.用by的相关短语完成下列句子，每空一词。
- 11. I think the best way to learn English is ________ ________ ________ ________(通过听磁带)．
- 12. Henry was sitting over there ________ ________ ________(在窗户旁)．
- 13. Shall we go ________ ________(乘火车)?
- 14. The trees ________ ________ ________(沿河) are all very tall.
- 15. John is afraid to stay at home ________ ________(他自己)．
Ⅳ.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。
- 16. 我通过和朋友练习对话的方式来提髙英语。
I improve my English ________ ________ ________ with my friends.
- 17. 她认为读英语杂志是记生词的最好办法。
She thinks ________ English magazines is the best way ________ ________ new words.
- 18. 多读有助于提高你的英语水平。
________ more ________ can help to improve your English.
- 19. 他擅长弹吉他。
He is good at ________ the guitar.
- 20. 我看见一些孩子正在爬塔。
I saw some children ________ the tower.
Ⅰ.1.by 2.by 3.Watching 4.waiting 5.by
Ⅱ.6.making 7.doing 8.making 9.Helping 10.working
Ⅲ.11.by listening to tapes 12.by the window 13.by train 14.by the river
15．by himself
Ⅳ.16.by practicing conversations 17.reading；to memorize18．Doing；reading 19.playing 20.climbing
