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人教版英语八年级上册第六单元知识点
Unit6 I’m going to study computer science?
知识要点：
1、be going to 的用法
be going to+动词原形：是一种固定结构，表示将来的打算、计划或安排。通常与表示将来的tomorrow、next year、the day after tomorrow、this afternoon等时间状语或when引导的时间状语从句连用。
We are going to have a class meeting this afternoon.今天下午我们打算开班会。
Look at the black clouds. It's going to rain.看那些乌云，快要下雨了。
各种句式变换以be的不同形式完成，be → am、is、are
肯定句：主语+be going to + 动词原形+其他
He is going to take the bus there.
否定句：主语+be + not + going to + 动词原形+其他
I’m not going to see my parents this weekend.
一般疑问句：be +主语+ going to + 动词原形+其他？
Are you going to see your parents this weekend?
肯定回答：Yes，I am. 否定回答：No，I’m not.
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形+其他？
What is he going to do this weekend?
When are you going to see your friends?
◆使用be going to 应注意的两点：
1． There be 句型的be going to 结构为：There is / are going to be... (注意句型中going to 后面的be不能改为have。) 常用来表示将有某事发生。例如：
There is going to be a football match next Saturday in our school.下周六我们学校将有一场足球比赛。
2． come, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作，它们很少与be going to 结构连用。例如：
Miss Sun is coming tonight.今晚孙小姐要来。
We are going to Beijing for a holiday.我们将去北京度假。
◆be going to与will的区别
be going to与will两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事，但它们有如下几点区别：
- be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些，如：
He is going to write a letter tonight.
He will write a book one day.
- be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。
He is seriously ill. He is going to die.
He will be twenty years old. 他将二十岁。
- be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如：
She is going to lend us her book. 她将把她的书借给我们。
He will be here in half an hour.
4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如：
If any beasts come at you, I'll stay with you and help you.
2、take acting（singing、piano、guitar）lessons上表演（唱歌、钢琴、吉他）课
3、What do you want to be when you grow up?
I want to be a computer programmer.
grow up长大； 成长
She grew up in Tokyo. 她在东京长大。
Where did you grow up? 你是在哪儿长大的？
4、I’m going to practice basketball every day.
practice v.练习.实习。后面多跟名词(词组)或v-ing形式作宾语。如:
I want to practice my spoken English in the English Corner this weekend.
这个周末我想去英语角练习口语。
Listen! Someone is practicing playing the piano.
听!有人在练习弹钢琴。
practice n. 实践;练习;经验。多为不可数名词。如:
Practice makes perfect. [谚]熟能生巧。
Have you had any practice in nursing the sick? 你有护理病人的经验吗?
5、Wow, now I know why you’re so good at writing stories.
be good at 表示“擅长于某一学科知识或技能”，也可表示“在……方面做得好。” be good at 后面接名词、代词、动词的 -ing 形式，相当于 do well in .如：
Mike is good at swimming. 迈克擅长于游泳。
I am good at English. 我擅长英语。
6、Well, I’m going to keep on writing stories, of course.
keep on doing sth. “坚持做某事”，克服困难继续坚持。表示动作反复，强调动作与动作之间有间隔，常与表示短暂动作的动词连用。
He kept on ringing me up, but I don't want to keep in touch with him any more.
他不断地给我打电话，可我不想和他保持联系了。
She kept on raising her hand她反复举手(不是一直举着手)
He kept on repeating these words over and over. 他一遍又一遍重复这几句话.
7、but I’m not sure about that.
be sure about 对…有把握，确信…
He is sure about wining the game.他对获胜很有把握。
I shall certainly be present at the meeting, but I am not sure about my wife.
我肯定会出席会议, 但是至于我的妻子去不去我就不敢说了.
8、Just make sure you try your best.
make sure 确信、证实。常用语祈使句，后面常接that宾语从句。
I make sure he would come.我确信他会来。
Make sure that you do it well .确信你会做好的。
巩固：
There are many computers in the office. Make sure ___the door before you leave. A 、you will lock B、 you lock C、 for locking D 、locking
（本题考察的是make sure后面接宾语从句的用法,当从句中表示的是将来的事情时,通常采用一般现在时态来表示。）
try one’s best 尽某人最大努力
9、make the soccer team成为足球队的一员
get good grades取得好成绩（在某方面取得好成绩用get good grades in English（maths …）
10、Sounds like a good plan.
本句是个省略句。完整的句子应是： That sounds like a good plan.
sound like听起来像，后跟名词或代词。
The voice doesn't sound like Lily. 这嗓音听起来不像莉莉。
sound v. 听起来，后接形容词作表语。
The music sounds beautiful.这音乐听起来很美。
sound n．声音，指自然界的声音。
The sound of the wind is very sweet. 这风的声音很悦耳。
类似的短语还有look like，feel like，seem like等。
The woman looks like your mother. 那个妇女看起来像你的妈妈。
The man seems like a kind person. 那人看起来像个好心肠的人。
11、Did you make any resolutions last year?
make resolutions定计划、下决心
On New Year's Day, many people make resolutions for the new year.
新年那一天, 许多人都要立下新年目标.
Do Peter and John make any New Year resolutions?
彼得和约翰有什么新年计划 吗 ?
Three students made their New Year's resolutions yesterday.
昨天三个学生立下了新年的决心.
12、Were you able to keep them?
be able to与can的用法区别
(1) be able to 强调通过努力而获得的能力，而can则强调自身已具有的能力。如: She can sing the song in English. 她能用英语唱这首歌。
He will be able to sing this song in English in a few minutes, too. 几小时之后，他也能用英语唱这首歌。
(2) be able to 强调一种结果，而can只强调一种可能。如:
Luckily, he was able to escape from the big fire in the end. 幸运的是，他终于逃出了大火。
If he got here a few hours earlier, I could save him. 要是他早几小时来，我还能救他。
(3) be able to 可以有各种时态;而can只有一般现在和一般过去两种时态。如:
I could help you last night, but you didn’t come. 昨天晚上我能帮你，而你又没来。
Can you see it there? 你能看见它在那儿吗?
He is / was / will be able to help you. 他能帮你的忙
Will you be able to camera the lecture tomorrow?你明天能把讲座录下来吗?
I'm sorry I haven't been able to answer your letter in time.真对不起我没能及时给你回信.
(4) can可用于表示可能性，推测，允许等情况，而be able to通常不这样用。
You are able to use my pen. (误)
You can use my pen. (正)
(5) can有被动语态，主语为人或物皆可，而be able to只接不定式的主动形式，不接表示被动的不定式，也不可用无生命的名词作主语。例如:
The work is able to be done by him. (误)
He is able to do the work.(正)
13、It’s a kind of promise.
a kind of 一种
a kind of animal一种动物，a kind of car一种小车。
14、Most of time, we make promises to other people. 大多数时间，我们向他人许诺。
◆most与most of的用法比较
most与most of的区别在许多情况下与所修饰的名词是否带有限定词（如冠词、指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格等）有关，具体说来，应注意以下几点：
- 若所修饰的名词前没有限定词，通常要用most，不用most of。如：
Most people agree with me. 多数人同意我的意见。
Most cheese is made from cow’s milk. 奶酪大都是用牛奶做的。
Most people work from nine to five. 大多数人从9点工作到5点。
但是，在习惯上不带冠词的专有名词（如人名和地名等）或抽象名词（如学科名词等）前，要用most of，不用most。如：
Most of George seemed to be covered with hair. 乔治身上好像大部分地方都长毛。
Most of Wales was without electricity last night. 昨天夜里，威尔士多数地区都停电了。
- 若所修饰的名词前带有限定词，则用most of，不能只用most。如：
Most of my friends live abroad. 我的朋友大多数住在国外。
Most of the people here know each other. 这里大多数人互相认识。
He’s eaten two pizzas and most of a cold chicken. 他吃了两张比萨饼和大半只冷鸡。
Most of those workers have still been unable to find jobs. 这批工人中大多数仍未能找到工作。
- 若直接用在代词之前，要用most of，不用most。如：
Most of us thought he was wrong. 我们大多数人认为他错了。
Most of them probably eat too much meat. 他们大多数人都吃太多的肉了。
- 如果意思明确，most后所修饰的名词可以省略，但most of后所修饰的名词永远不能省略，也就是说，如果是不修饰名词而单独使用，只能用most，不用most of。如：
A few people were killed in the fire, but most were saved. 在那场火灾中，有几个人被烧死，但大部分人都得救了。
Some potatoes have been harvested, but most are still in the ground. 一些土豆已经收获了，但大多数仍然在地里。
- most (of) …用作主语时，其谓语的数需根据它所修饰或代表的名词的数来确定。如：
Most of her books were stolen. 她的大部分书被偷走了。
Most of her money was stolen. 她的大部分钱被走偷了。
◆promise n. 承诺；诺言，是可数名词。
make promises 许下诺言、承诺
He is too ready to make promises.他太轻易地许下诺言。
make a promise to sb.＝make promises to sb. 向某人许诺
Don't make a promise to others easily. 不要轻易向他人许诺。
The young man made a promise to his parents that he could study hard.
这年轻人向他父母许诺他会努力学习
keep/break one's promise 保守/打破诺言
promise v．许诺；承诺，后可接名词、代词、动词不定式、从句作宾语，也可接双宾语。
promise sb. sth.＝promise sth. to sb.
He promised me the book.＝He promised the book to me.他答应给我这本书。
My teacher promised to help us. 我老师答应要帮助我们。
promise sb.to do sth.答应某人做某事
You must promise me to be early tomorrow morning. 你必须答应我明天早上早点。
This morning，my son promised me to do his homework for an hour. 今天上午，我儿子答应我做一小时的作业
15、When we make resolutions at the beginning of the year, we hope that we are going to improve our lives.
Beginning n. “开头”，反义词为end“结束”。
at the beginning of 在……开始
at the end of 在……末尾
from the beginning to the end 从头至尾
He will come here at the beginning of this month.他月初来到这里。
16、The are going to start an exercise program or eat less fast food.
eat和have 这两个动词可以表示“吃”。
have 是用餐和吃饭，强调整个吃饭的笼统过程，多用于短语中。让别人“吃”通常用have。
如have breakfast(吃早饭),have lunch(吃午饭),have supper(吃晚饭),have dinner(吃正餐),have a meal(吃一顿饭)。
Where shall we have our dinner？我们在哪儿吃饭？
eat 作“吃”解，多用于吃水果、鱼、肉等，强调吃这个动作，就是强调把东西放进嘴这个动作。
eat an apple(吃苹果),eat a banana（吃香蕉）
注意：“吃药” have/take medicine，不说eat/drink medicine
Your son catches a bad cold. He should have some medicine.
你儿子得了重感冒，他应该吃药。
17、Many resolutions have to do with self-improvement.
have to do with 表示“与……相关”，“与……有关联或有关系”
What does this problem have to do with what we’re learning today?
这道题跟我们今天所学的内容有什么关系？
have nothing to do with 与……无关
I have noting to do with matter. 我与此毫无瓜。
18、Some people might say they are going to take up a hobby like painting or taking photos, or learn to play the guitar.
◆take up拿起；开始从事；占据(时间,地方)
take up a hobby开始一个嗜好
My teacher encouraged us to take up a hobby.
我的老师鼓励我们每人养成一种爱好。
I want to take up a new hobby like riding a bike.
我想要进行一项新的嗜好，譬如骑脚踏车。
◆take photos 照像，拍照
It's getting too dark to take photos.天太暗了不能照相。
延伸：take photos of:为某人拍照(某人就是照片中的人)
take photos for为某人拍照(照片是为某人拍的，但某人未必在照片中)
Could you take photos for me? (你可以帮我去照相吗?——可能我手头正忙,叫别人帮忙)
Could you take photos of me?(你能帮我拍照吗?——照相机要拍的人是我.)
◆learn to do sth学习做某事；学会做某事；学着干某事
We should learn to help others.
Today I learn to do housework.
◆play the guitar弹吉他
play +球、棋、牌 play football（baseball、 tennis、 table tennis，chess）
play ＋the +乐器 play the drums（ the piano ；the violin ；the flute ）
19、Some resolutions have to do with better planning, like making a weekly plan for schoolwork.
◆planning 名词，表示“计划、规划、设计”，如：city planning 城市规划
better planning 意为“合理规划”
◆making a weekly plan for schoolwork. 制定每周做功课计划来
make a plan for 为…作计划
She made a plan for math test yesterday.她昨天为了数学考试制定了计划。
20、Although there are differences, most resolutions have one thing in common.
have …… in common 有共同点；有共同之处，有相似之处。
Have … in common with ...与……有共同之处，有相似之处
He and she have only one thing in common with each other: both enjoy smoking.
他和她都有一个共同点:都喜欢吸。
My good friend has much in common with me.
有很多相同之处可以说:have much /a lot in common
有一些共同之处可以说:have something in common
没什么共同之处可以说:have little /nothing in common
21、Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keep.
◆句中情态动词may 表示推测，相当于汉语“可能、也许、大概”的意思。
You may be right this time, but I’m not sure.也许这次你是对的，但是我无法确定。
◆too……to 是固定结构，表示“太……而不能”
The kid is too young to play this game.这个小孩太小，不能玩这个游戏。
◆句中keep表示“履行（诺言等）；遵守（惯例等）”
People hardly ever keep them.人们很少履行它们（指计划）。
keep a promise 信守承诺
keep one’s promise遵守承诺；说话算数
We always keep our promise.我们说话总是算数的。
