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中考任务阅读精选题及方法指导
一、任务型阅读理解题解读
中考任务型阅读阅读理解题型的体裁多样，主要是记叙文、议论文、说明文、夹叙夹议文等，部分文章会带有图片表格，文章结构清晰明确。主要考查考生在有限的时间内，根据各题目的不同要求捕捉到对应的有效信息，并对信息进行一定处理的能力，包括推理、翻译和概括，同时对文章大意进行把握。任务型阅读理解题所选文章题材真实可靠，内容贴近现代社会生活，涉及学生生活、富有时代气息，语言原汁原味。
具体考察的题型包括：短文填空、划线部分翻译、划线部分提问、原文信息回答问题、文章信息排序、寻找主旨句等。具体可以分为：细节题、推理题、主旨大意题等。
二、解题步骤
任务型阅读理解题的解题的关键在于：正确把握问题要求与文章中符合问题要求的信息之间的对应关系，此类“对应”可能是“主旨对应”,也可能是“情节对应”,还可以是“细节对应”等。近几年中考可以看出，该题型的考察越来越趋于灵活，仅找到题目所对应的信息的解题来说往往还不够，还需要通过联系上下文进行此类信息进行一定的联想和处理，这对学生的能力又提出了更高的要求。
基本步骤如下：
第一步：仔细阅读题目，认真理解题目的具体含义，找出不同题目的要求，并在关键词下划线，以便有利于为后面的顺利解题创造良好的条件。
第二步：对照题目的要求和相应的要求，在文章中快速定位符合要求的对应信息。
第四步：结合题目要求，对相应信息及其上下文进行综合分析把握。根据分析结构选出最有选项。
例题一
本篇任务阅读的题材是图表题，需要指出的是每个空并不是只填一个单词。图表的内容并不复杂，学生需要结合短文内容可知这是一张夏天和冬天的日用电量对比表，考察了学生、的观察力和理解力。其中（1）、（2）、（4）可在读懂短文的基础上从图表中直接找出。而（3）、考察了介词短语的使用，（5）考察了动词的选用，由于没有限定选词范围而且答案不唯一，所以有一定难度，学生需要联系前后句，进行一定的推理，重点考察了学生的推理能力。
Amount of Electricity Used
This graph show the amount(数量) of electricity used in a small city. It is clear that the city uses more electricity in 1 than in 2 . In summer, people use the most electricity at 12 p.m. This is probably 3 the high temperature at noon. In winter, people use the most electricity at 4 . The graph also shows the amount of electricity used 5 from 6 a.m. to 12 p.m. The amount of electricity use decreases (减少)from 6 p.m. to 12 a.m.
例题二：
本篇任务阅读的题材是议论文，关于步行作为一种锻炼方式的优点、问题和建议。
分别考查了如下题型：
任务一：英译汉。考查方式：将文中句子画线部分译成汉语。
任务二：列举。考查方式：列举jogging和running对身体的影响。
任务三：英语回答问题，散步作为一种锻炼方式所存在的问题。
任务四：选择题。考查方式：找出原文中作者所提及的步行建议。
任务五：找出主题句。考查方式：最后一段的主题句。
文章结构清晰，除翻译题之外的其他题目可以从文章中直接找出，难度一般。
Many people run for exercise. But what will you do if you are not a “born” runner or jogger (慢跑者)? You may still want a kind of exercise that’s inexpensive and easy to do. Why not try walking?
Walking requires no special equipment (装备). It is a kind of exercise that almost any normal, healthy person can do. Walking is good for your health like jogging or running; it will just take longer. Jogging and running make your heart work harder than walking. They also put more stress on your legs and feet than walking does.
The problem with walking is that most people don’t take it seriously. But there’s a big difference between serious walking and the walking that most of us do. Walking, like jogging, should have a steady and continuous motion (稳健而持续的动作).
If you want to get your exercise by walking, you need to have your own walking plan. After all, runners and joggers set goals for themselves. Walkers need goals, too. You also need to set a course to walk. Start by walking about 15-30 minutes a day. Increase your time and distance (距离) slowly. And try increasing your walking speed little by little.
If you prefer to jog or run, follow the same advice. Start off slowly. Spend most of the first few days just walking. Then, start walking and running on the same day. Run or jog a short distance, then walk for a while, then, run, then walk. Follow that pattern for 15-30 minutes a day. Slowly make each run longer and each walk shorter. Later on, you can increase your distance, speed and exercise time.
任务一 将划线短语 a “born” runner 译为汉语。（1分） 一位天生的赛跑者
任务二 列举两条Jogging和running对身体部位的影响。（2分）
1．make your heart work hard
2．put much stress on your legs
任务三 回答问题。What’s the problem with walking? （2分）
The problem with walking is that most people don’t take it seriously.
任务四 选出作者关于步行健身的两种建议，将字母代号填写在答题卡上。（2分）
- Have a walking plan. B. Walk fast at the beginning.
- Start by walking an hour a day. D. Increase distance and speed little by little.
1．A 2．D
任务五 找出最后一段的主题句。 （1分）If you prefer to jog or run, follow the same advice.
例题三 本篇阅读表达的题材是说明文，采用总分总结构，描述了伦敦的几种不同交通方式和特点，分别考查了如下题型：
任务一：列举。考查方式：列举伦敦的几种交通方式
任务二：英语回答问题，选举两种交通方式并对其优点进行概括。
任务三：英译汉。考查方式：将文中句子画线部分译成汉语。
任务四：匹配题。考查方式：找出原文中意思相近的句子。
任务五：猜测词义。考查方式：根据文章内容判断、选择单词所指代的意思。
文章结构清晰，题目设置较为明确，难度一般。
Every year, more than nine million people all over the world come to visit London.They go to the museums and theaters; they look at interesting old buildings or have a drink in a park.
A quick and easy way to get to different places in the city is to take an underground train. The London underground is one of the best and most widely used transport networks（网状组织）in the world. The trains run all day and most of the night. (1)You'd better not take the underground between eight o'clock and ten o'clock in the morning, or four o'clock and six o'clock in the afternoon.The trains are so crowded that you can hardly move or find a place to sit.
London's famous red buses form a big part of getting around in London. Although the London underground is the fastest and the simplest way of getting around London, the buses play their part and are an experience you should try at least once. By sitting on the top deck (层) of the bus, you can get a great sightseeing (观光的) experience of London as well.
Some special visitors' buses take you to many of the interesting places in the city on one journey. It takes about one and a half hours, but you can cancel your journey and get off (and on again) at the different places you want to visit.
London taxis are called "black cabs”. Most of them are black, but some are not. You can stop one if it has a "For Hire (供租用的) sign on it. The drivers are friendly and helpful.
In a word, London is a big and beautiful city with Lots to see and to do. Welcome to London.
根据短文内容，完成下面任务。任务一至任务二根据短文内容，回答问题。
任务一 How many kinds of transportation can visitors use to get around in London? List them.
任务二If you go to visit London, which two kind s of transportation are you going to choose? Why?
任务三 将短文中划线的句子（1）译成汉语。
任务四 从原文中找出与下列句子意思相同或相近的句子。
You have trouble moving or finding a place to sit because there are so many people in the trains.
任务五 选出与文中划线单词cancel意义相同或相近的一项。
- pick up B.give up C.cut up D.put up
