牛津版八年级下册重点单词背诵版

8B  重点单词讲解

 

Unit 1

1. raise 筹募= collect money, bring money together; v.升起;增加;提高= increase;
2. 举起= put up; v.抚养= bring sb. up.  raise one’s hand  = put up one’s hand                          =  lift one’s hand举手; raise sth = make sth higher = make sth. increase 提高;

raise one’s spirits 使振奋；使鼓起勇气 =make sb. more cheerful=cheer sb. up

2. permission n. 准许，批准= the act of allowing sb. to do sth;   permit   v.准许

permit sb. to do sth. = allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事; permit doing sth. 允许做某事; permit --- permitted ---- permitted; 没有某人的准许: without (one’s) permission

报请批准:   ask permission to do

3. disabled adj. 丧失劳动能力的 =unable to do or learn sth. easily because of illness or injury;  disable  vt. 使失去能力；使残废；使无资格;   able   adj. 能够的

unable: 没有能力的;    the disabled    残疾人

4. teenager ( teen ) n.青少年= a person between 13 and 19 years old; teenage adj.青少年的
5. offer v. 主动提出 =provide or supply something ;  主动提出做某事： offer to do sth.

offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. (主动给某人某物)= give sb. sth. / give sth. to sb.

provide sb with sth/ provide sth for sb./supply sb with sth./ supply sth for sb.给sb提供某物

6. suffer v.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨= to experience physical or mental pain;    sufferer   n. 患者；受害者; suffer from sth. 患某种病
7. serious  adj. 严重的= bad and dangerous;  adj. 认真的、严肃的、庄重的; seriously adv.=badly;   对某事是认真的be serious about sth. ;  认真对待:take sth. seriously
8. illness n. 病 = disease, sickness;   ill  adj.  fall ill 病倒了; feel ill 感觉不舒服、生病了;   speak ill of sb. 说某人的短处
9. organize v. 组织，筹备=arrange, plan;  organizer  n. 组织者organization  n. 组织
10. express  v. 表达；表露=to show or make known a feeling, an opinion, etc. by words,  looks or actions ; expression n. 表达;表情; 习惯用语(常用复数); express one’s feelings    表达自己的感受
11. pain n. 痛苦，苦恼 pains ( pl. ) 辛苦、努力; painful  adj. 痛苦的; painless adj. 无痛的
12. lonely adj.  ( lonelier, loneliest ) 孤独的; alone:  独自
13. friendship 友情; friendly adj. 友好的;  friend n. 朋友; be friendly to 对…. 友好
14. difficulty n.困难; = a problem, trouble.  复数：difficulties;  difficult adj. be in difficulty  处于困难中;  have difficulty (in) doing sth. = have trouble doing sth.;in front of difficulties 在困难面前
15. joy n. 愉快；喜悦= happiness, pleasure; joyful adj. 高兴的，快乐的;  joyless adj.不高兴的，不快乐的;  joyfully   adv.高兴地，喜悦地; to one’s joy  令人开心的
16. peace 安静、平静; n. 和平; peaceful adj.  in peace 和平地；安静，宁静；安祥地
17. hurt v. 使…疼痛，使受伤; hurt– hurt ---hurt; 受伤:get / be hurt; 身体伤得严重:be badly hurt;  hurt  adj. 受伤的
18. courage n. 勇气;  encourage  v.  鼓励 ; encourage sb. to do sth 鼓励某人做某事

有勇气做sth: have the courage to do sth

19. spirit  n精神、心灵；(pl.)   情绪、心境 ; in high/ low/ poor spirits 情绪高/ 情绪低
20. pay 付费 pay- paid- paid ; sb. spend … on sth.;   Sb. spend in doing sth./sth. cost sb. some money… /It takes sb. some time to do sth./ sb. pay some money for sth.
21. in  need  （需要）; be in need (of sth.) 需要某物

 

unit 2

1. language 语言 body language 肢体语言; spoken English 口语; foreign language 外语
2. communication 交流；交际 ;  communicate  v. 交流，交际 ; 与某人交流 :

communicate with sb. = talk to sb. communicate with sb. by sth.通过某种方式与某人交流

3. accept 接受（建议，邀请等）= to agree to take something ; acceptable adj. 可接受的;  反义词 ： refuse 拒绝
4. reject 拒绝接受，不予考虑= refuse ;   reject/refuse sth./sb.;   refuse to do sth.
5. meaning 意义；意思; meaningful adj. 有意义的 ; mean v. 意味着(meant-meant) ;

mean doing sth.意味着做某事; mean to do sth打算做某事; what’s the meaning of ..的意思是

6. message（书面或口头的）信息，消息 = text/news/ information ; leave a message  留言; send a message  发信息
7. bored（对某人/某物）厌倦的，烦闷的= feeling tired and unhappy;  boring  adj.令人厌烦的, 无趣的 ; bore  v.使…厌烦; be bored with sth. = be tired of sth.对…感到厌烦
8. part-time 兼职的 ; full-time adj. 全职的
9. well-dressed 衣着入时的；穿着讲 究的= wearing nice clothes ; get dressed:穿好了衣服 ;  be dressed in:穿…的衣服
10. matter （询问某人情况）怎么了，事情= thing, problem； matter  v. 有关系，要紧; What’s the matter? =what’s wrong？=what’s the trouble?= What happened?怎么了？ What does it matter?与…有关；It doesn’t matter. 没关系； as a matter of fact 事实上= in fact
11. expression  n. 表情；神色= the look on one’s face； express  v. 表达 ；愤怒的表情: angry expression    忧虑的表情:  worried expression
12. appearance n. 外貌；外表/ 出现= the way sb./sth. looks； appear v. 出现= show up； disappear  v. 消失；  judge a person by his appearance以貌取人
13. impression 印象 ；impress  v. 使…有印象； impressive   adj. 使人印象深刻的；make/leave a good/deep impression on sb… 给…留下好的/深的印象= give sb. a good/deep impression  给…留下好印象 ； be  impressive at / with sb./ sth  对…印象深刻；What’s your impression of… 你对…的印象如何？
14. hold 使保持(在某位置) =  keep sth. in a place； v. 举办  = organize；hold--held—held；hold on  坚持，不要挂电话； hold up one’s head  昂起头，感到骄傲 ； hold  v. 举办 =  organize ；举办会议 hold a meeting
15. later； 以后，后来；minutes later = a few moments later；cross；v. 使交叉；使交叠； crossing n. 十字路口；across  prep.  穿过；go across穿过；过马路: cross the road；跷二郎腿cross one’s legs
16. nod 点头，打盹；nod off 打盹，睡着； 过去式：nodded； 现在分词： nodding

反义词：shake； nod one’s head 点头；nod at/to sb. 朝某人点头

17. shake 与某人握手，摇头 (shake , shook, shaken) ；shake one’s head 摇头

shake hands with sb. 与某人握手

18. sure 确信；确定 ；be sure to do  务必做某事；be sure of sth. 对某事有把握；make sure that +句子 确保,确定
19. take place发生=happen
20. remind   v提醒= to help sb. remember；reminder n. 提醒物；remind sb about/of sth 提醒sb某事；remind sb to do sth 提醒sb做sth；remind sb that+句子 提醒sb某事

 

 

unit 3

 

1. description 说明；形容 ;描述;  describe v. 描述；形容=say what sth. is like= give a picture of sth. in words; 向某人某描述某事; describe  sth. to/ for sb.
2. although 虽然；尽管= though; although/though 能与but同时出现。
3. fit 健康的；健壮的=healthy and strong; v. 适合= suit ;  fitness  n. 健康; 适合 ; keep fit 保持健康；保持身材； 适合某人 be fit for sb.;  适合做sth ：be fit to do sth
4. dive 下潜； diver  n. 潜水员 ； diving  adj. 潜水的；dive down  下潜 ；         dive into  跳进/水； go diving  去潜水
5. ready 准备好的 = prepared；be ready for sth为某事做好了准备；be ready to do sth为做某事做好了准备；get ready for sth 为某事去准备；get ready to do sth 为做某事去准备
6. reach 到达=get to sw.=arrive at /in sw.；
7. attract 吸引=make sb. interested in…;  attraction n.  吸引力、景点;  attractive  adj. 有吸引力的;  be attracted by… 被…吸引= be interested in; 吸引某人注意: attract one’s attention; 吸引兴趣: attract one’s interest
8. hang 悬挂；吊 (hung-hung) ;  v. 绞死 (hanged-hanged); hang about 闲逛; hang on; 不挂断电话;  hang up 挂断电话
9. require 需要；要求=need; requirement；n. 必需品;要求 ; 需要某物       require sth.  需要被做… require doing=require to be done; 要求某人做某事  require  sb. to do sth.;  需要某物做sth require sth to do sth
10. practice 从事= work as;  v. 练习 (practice n. 练习) ; practise as = work as 从事 ; practise doing sth 练习做某事; 从事鸬鹚捕鱼的工作: practise cormorant fishing
11. health 健康; healthy adj. 健康的=well; healthily  adv. 健康地 ;live a healthy life=live healthily   健康地活着; be good/bad for health  有益/害健康；keep healthy 保持健康 ; 健康状况良好/不佳： be in good/bad health
12. luck; 幸运；运气; lucky adj. 幸运的= fortunate ;  luckily   adv. 幸运地；辛运的是=fortunately; unlucky adj.不幸的 ; unluckily  adv. 不幸地; good luck 祝你好运; 很幸运做某事 be lucky to do sth
13. peace 宁静；平静; n. 和平; peaceful   adj. 平静的；和平的；in peace 和平地 ; live in peace with sb. 与某人和睦相处
14. simple 简单的; 容易的= easy; simply adv. 简单地; 容易地; live a simple life过着朴素的生活
15. up to 到达（某数量、程度等）；至多有；
16. set off 出发；动身=set out= start the journey；set off for =leave for= go to sw.动身前往…;出发去…;  set up创建
17. up and down 起伏；上下波动；上上下下；  after dark 天黑后；黄昏后
18. no more 不再；再也不=not… any more=no longer=not…any longer

 

 

 

 

 

unit 4

 

1.warning  n警告；警示, 可数名词

动词 warn     过去式warned       过去分词 warned      现在分词warning

常见用法： warn sb of\ about sth 警告某人某物

warn sb. not to do sth. 警告某人做（不做）某事

warn sb against doing sth 警告某人不要做某事

2.  thought  n. 心思；思想；想法    可数名词

动词think     过去式thought     过去分词thought     名词thinker(思想家)

形容词 thoughtful (沉思的、深思的)          thoughtless(粗心大意的)

….the thought of sth\doing sth.做…的想法

without a second thought不假思索

think of  认为、想一想、想出   think about 考虑    think over 慎重思考

think of sb./sth. as sb.\sth 把…看作…

3.record   v录制；录音  n 纪录；记录

创造纪录make a record   打破纪录break a record    保持…的纪录hold the record of…

4. pleasant  adj. 友好的；和善的；令人愉快的    同义词kind and friendly

名词pleasure（愉快、快乐）         动词 please（使满意、使愉快）

pleased   adj. 高兴的；满意的          同义词satisfied

pleasing  adj. 令人高兴的；令人满意的     a pleasing effect令人满意的效果

对…感到满意 be pleased with =be satisfied with

乐于做某事 be pleased to do

5. appear  v. 出现；显得；看来；似乎  反义词disappear消失

名词appearance(外貌；外表)

appear (to be) + adj./n 似乎…  appear to do sth 似乎…        It appears that…看起来…

6. match  v. 与…….相配 三单matches      过去式matched     过去分词matched

match sb.\ sth. to\with sb.\sth. 将… 和… 相配

match   n. 竞赛；比赛, 火柴 ,可数名词， 复数matches

7.  score  v. 得分  n. 得分、比分    高分a high score    低分a low score
8. separately  adv. 单独地、分别地    separate adj. 单独的、独立的

separate  v. （使）分开、分离            separate A from B 将A和B 分离

9. rough:  not exact or not including all details

make a rough sketch of … 画… 的草图

10. basic   adj. 基本的、基础的    be basic to sth. 对…是基本的

basically adv. 基本上、总的来说

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

unit 5

 

1. endangered 濒危的   endanger   v. 使遭受危险

danger  n.危险  = the possibility that sb. May be harmed or killed

处于(巨大) 危险中be in (great) danger     脱离危险 be out of danger

对…来说是危害 be a danger to

dangerous  adj.危险的

2. giant 巨大的 = large   大熊猫：giant pandas
3. obligation 义务，责任 = duty
4. wild 自然环境；野生状态  adj. 野生的在野外 in the wild
5. adult 成年动物; 成年人    adj. 成年的= fully-grown
6. weight 重量       增肥 put on weight     减肥  lose weight

询问重量： What is the weight of …?

weigh   v. 称重      weightless  adj. 失重的

体重的表达： She weighs 50 kilograms. = She is 50 kilograms in weight.

7. population 人口

人口多: have a large population    人口少: have a small population

作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式

询问人口： What is the population of…?

           = How many people are there in …?

= How large is the population of …?

8. behaviour 活动方式    behavev. 举动，表现    守规矩: behave oneself
9. birth 出生    出生时:at birth    生…: give birth to   生日: birthday

出生: be born (be 动词常用过去式)

10. central在中央的   centre/centern. 中心,中央

在中国的中部： in Central China = in the centre of China

11. cruel 残忍的  cruellyadv. 残忍地   cruelty  n. 残忍

做……是残忍的 it is cruel of … to do     对……残忍 be cruel to

12. organization 组织    organizer  n. 组织者

organize (=hold)  v. 组织  (过去式 organized 过去分词organized 现在分词organizing )

The organizer of this organization has organized this voluntary activity.

13. Asian 亚洲的; 亚洲人的  n.亚洲人   Asia  n. 亚洲
14. face   面对；面临(过去式 faced   过去分词faced   现在分词 facing )    n. 脸部 

做鬼脸 make faces  面对面 face to face  丢脸 lose face

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

unit 6

 

1. respond  v.回答;回应response  n.回答;回应

  respond to sb. 回应某人   respond to sth.  对某事做出回应

 

2. complaint  n.投诉;抱怨complain  v.投诉;抱怨

  make a complaint (to sb.) about sth. =complain (to sb.) about sth. 向某人抱怨某事

3. 3.cause  v.造成;引起原因;理由  the cause of….的原因

 

4. reason  n.理由;原因the reasonfor….的原因

 

5. 5. feed (=give food to sb.)喂食喂养fed (过去式)  fed (过去分词)

  feed sb/sth on sth=feed sth to sb/sth 给…喂食….

 

6. responsibility  n.责任;义务responsible  adj.有责任的

have responsibility for sb./sth.  对…..负有责任＝be responsible for sb./sth.  对…..负责

 

7. faithfully  adv.忠诚地;忠实地   faith  n.信念faithful  adj.忠诚的; 忠实的

be faithful to…  对…忠诚的

 

8. noisy  adj.吵闹的  noise  n.噪音  noisily  adv.吵闹地  make some noise

 

9. until  conj.直到…为止not…..until 直到…才

 

10. 10. common  adj.普通的;常见的;通常的commonly  adv.一般地; 通常地

   have sth in common 有共同之处

 

11. 11. choice  n.选择make a choice 做出选择

   have no choice but to do sth.  除了…..别无选择

choose  v.选择  chose (过去式)  chosen (过去分词)  

 

12. 12.lie  v.躺;位于lay (过去式)  lain (过去分词)  lying

   lie  v.撒谎   lied (过去式)  lied (过去分词)  lying

lie around  无所事事懒散度日

 

13. keep sb from doing sth (=stop sb from doing sth) 阻止某人做某事

 

14. die of 死于(内因, 如疾病或衰老)die from 死于 (外因, 如车祸或灾难)

 

15. keep on doing sth 继续做某事(=goon doing sth) 

 

16. care for=take care of=look after 照顾

 

Unit7

1. unknown  adj.  未知的;known  adj. 已知的,著名的; know -- knew – known  v. 知道; be known for=be famous for因……而出名; be known as =be famous as作为……而出名; (3) be known to “为……所知”
2. receive 收到=get;  receiver  n. 接受者; receive a letter from sb.   收到某人的信=get a letter from sb.=hear from sb.
3. loud adj. 响亮的 ；大声的;大声地（听得清楚）;Speak louder 说大声点; loudly  adv. （噪音或者喧哗声）大声地
4. explore v. 探究,探索= to search and discover ; explorer n.探险者; exploration n. 探究
5. quiet adj. 安静的=silent = don’t make noise; quietly adv.安静地;quietness  n. 安静
6. damage  v. 毁坏; 破坏= to harm or spoil something;
7. frightened  adj. 感到害怕的=afraid or anxious; frightening  adj. 令人害怕的;frighten  v. 使…害怕 = scare 使害怕;
8. discover v. 发现; 找到; 发觉= to find information, a place, or an object, especially for the first time;  discovery  n. 发现
9. terrible adj. 令人极不快的；可怕的;=very bad / not pleasant =horrible严重的;  terribly  adv. 非常地；很 =very
10. fear  n. / v.害怕；惧怕;fearful  adj. 担心，焦虑;  fearless  adj. 不怕的，无畏的;  for fear of 唯恐；以免;  with fear带着恐惧地；害怕地; in fear害怕地 = feeling afraid
11. creature  n. 生物= living things; create  v. 创造；创作; creation  n. 创造；创作;creator  n. 创造者;  creative adj. 有创造性的
12. wonder 觉得奇怪；想知道= want to know;  wonder  n.  奇迹，奇观; wonderful  adj.极好的 ; 4. It’s no wonder that …. 难怪 ;
13. line   n.  [C] 线 ; line  v. 排列;line up  排队;  line sb./ sth. up  使站成一队，排成一行
14. refuse 拒绝=reject = say no to sth;  not accept;  反义: accept;  refuse sth. 拒绝某物;refuse to do sth拒绝做某事; accept sth. 接受某物; accept to do sth. 接受做某事
15. spread 张开; 伸张; 传播=open … outwards; （spread--spread - spread）
16. explain 解释；说明;explanation  n. 解释；说明; explain sth. to sb.向某人解释某事; explain oneself  说明自己的意思，为自己的行为辩解
17. pleased adj. 感到高兴的；感到满意的;=happy=glad= satisfied;  please v. 请/ 使…满意;  pleasant adj. 令人愉快的;  pleasure  n. 快乐= happiness; be pleased to do sth. 很高兴去做某事;  be pleased with sb./sth对…感到高兴/满意; it’s my pleasure 我的荣幸/ 不用谢;  with pleasure 没问题；十分愿意。
18. Keep quiet 保持安静=be silent
19. because of 因为 =as a result of;  because of+名词/短语/doing;  because  + 句子
20. as soon as possible 尽快= as soon as sb can
21. agree with 同意=have the same opinion as;  反义：disagree with agreement  n. 同意; agree with sb. （同意某人的观点、看法、意见）;agree on sth.（经过讨论后达成一致）; agree to sth.（同意接受计划、安排等）; agree to do sth. 同意做某事

 

 

unit 8

1.apology n.道歉= something that you say or write to show that you are sorry

apologize v. 道歉=say sorry

make an apology to sb. 向某人道歉； apologize to sb. 向某人道歉

apologize for sth因某事道歉 apologize to sb. for sth因某事道歉

apologize to sb. for sth/ doing sth. 因某事向某人道歉

2. excuse n.借口辩解= a reason that you give to explain careless behavior

excuse v.原谅宽恕； excuse for doing sth. 做某事的借口/理由；

excuse sb. for doing sth.原谅某人做某事

3. 3. present = the time that we are experiencing now

present n.礼物； present adj. 目前的；出席的； present v.出席赠送

at present =now= at the present time = in the present 此刻； 现在

Present sb. with sth= present sth to sb. 赠予某人某物

4.wide =measuring a large distance from one side to the other 宽的；宽阔的 adj.

Widely adv. 广泛地，宽地（指抽象的广度）； width n.宽度； widen v. 拓宽；加宽

5. recently adv. 最近；不久前=in the recent past/not long ago

recent adj. 最近的

6.while conj. 在….期间；当….的时候= during the time that something is happening

While conj. 然而（表示对比）； while n. 一会儿

7 prepare v. 使(自己)有准备= to make something ready to be used

prepared  adj. 准备好的；  unprepared adj. 没准备好的

prepare for= be/get ready for 为…..准备好；   be prepared for  准备….

8 certainly adv.无疑肯定； 当然=surely

Certain adj. 当然

9 satisfy v.使满意；使满足 =make sb. pleased or happy

satisfaction n. 满足； satisfied adj. 感到满意的  satisfying adj. 令人满意的

10 relax v.放松休息=have a rest

relaxed adj. 感到放松的； relaxing adj. 令人放松的

relaxation n. 放松

11 recommend v. 推荐    recommendation n. 推荐

12 mix v. 使混合   mix….with….使….与….相混合     mixture n. 混合

13 electronic  adj.电子的电的

electric  adj. 用电的，带电的   electrical   adj. 电的，与电有关的，电气科学的