人教版英语八年级下册期中单元知识点汇总

Unit 1. what’s the matter?

一．重点短语归纳

1. have a fever 发烧
2. lie down and rest 躺下来休息
3. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶
4. see a dentist 看牙医
5. get an X-ray 拍X 光片
6. take one’ s temperature 量体温
7. sound like 听起来像
8. in the same way  以同样的方式
9. without thinking twice 没有多想
10. have a heart problem 有心脏病
11. to one’ s surprise 使....... 惊讶的
12. thanks to 多亏了 ；由于
13. in time 及时
14. save a life 挽救生命
15. get into trouble 造成麻烦
16. right away 立刻；马上
17. because of 由于
18. fa ll down 摔倒
19. mountain climbing 登山运动
20. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事
21. run out (of) 用完;用尽
22. so that 以便
23. be in control of 掌管;管理
24. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事
25. make a decision 做出决定
26. take risks 冒险
27. give up 放弃

 

二．重点句子

1.What’s the matter ? 是用来询问对方出了什么毛病或问题，意为“怎么了？”。

What’s the mater with you ? 你怎么啦？

= What’s the trouble with you?=What’s wrong with you?

= What happened to you?

I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachache.

 

三．语法知识

1.情态动词should的用法

should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，意为"应该......"。

should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。否定形式为should not，缩写为shouldn’t，句法构成为：主语+should +动词原形...，变一般疑问句把should提前，肯定回答Yes, you should. / 否定回答No, you shouldn’t.

1. You should drink hot water with honey.你应该喝加有蜂蜜的开水。

You shouldn't eat so much next time.下次你不该吃那么多。

He should see a dentist and get an X-ray.他应该去看牙医，并做个X光检查。

What should she do? 她该怎么办？

She should take her temperature.她应该量体温。

Should I put some medicine on it? 我应该在上面敷点药吗？

Yes, you should. / No, you shouldn’t.是的，你应该。/不，你不应该。

2. 反身代词

	单数	复数
第一人称	myself	ourselves
第二人称	yourself	yourselves
第三人称	himself  herself  itself	themselves

hurt yourself 伤到你自己       think about himself 为他自己着想

by oneself 独自

四．知识点串讲

1. have a cold是“感冒，着凉”have  a  fever是“发烧”，have 表示“生…病”，表示人体某部位“痛”时的几种结构：

（1）have a + 身体部位名词后加-ache构成。例如：

have a headache 头痛

have a toothache 牙痛

have a stomachache胃痛

（2）have a sore + 身体部位名词。例如：

have a sore throat 喉咙痛

have a sore arm   胳膊痛

have a sore foot   脚痛

（3）身体部位 + hurt。例如：

My eyes hurt. 我眼睛痛。

（4）have a pain in/ on + the + 身体部位。例如：

I have a pain in the arm. 我胳膊痛。

（5）There is something wrong with + one’s + 身体部位。例如：

There is something wrong with your eyes. 你的眼睛有毛病。

 

2.too many,too much与much too

• too many意为“太多”，用于修饰可数名词的复数。如：

There are too many students in our class.我们班上有太多的学生。

• too much意为“太多”，用于修饰不可数名词。如：

We have too much work to do.我们有太多的工作要做。

• much too表示“太”，用来修饰形容词或副词。如：

The box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it.箱子太重了，所以我搬不动它。

3.thanks to 与 thanks for 区别

thanks to “多亏，由于” to 接感谢的对象。

e.g. Thanks to the English teacher，I got good grades.

thanks for客套用语，“因……而感谢”for 后接v-ing 或名词。

e.g. Thanks for taking care of me.

4. surprisev.使吃惊→surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 (修饰物)

→surprised adj. 吃惊的 （修饰人）

surprise sb 使某人吃惊     The bad news surprised me.

be surprised at 对……感到吃惊

1. n.惊讶to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是     in surprise 吃惊地

e.g. He looked at me in surprise. 他吃惊地望着我。

Exercise:

①__________________(使我吃惊的是），he got the first prize in the exam.

②We are__________ at the___________ news. (surprise)

③ ___his surprise, she succeeded in climbing up the high mountain.   A. At   B. To   C. In   D. On

5.agree v.同意 → (反)disagree – agreement n.同意

agree with sb 同意某人    e.g. I agree with you.

agree to do sth 同意做某事

6. use v.使用→useful  adj. 有用的  use up 用完

(1) be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事

(2) use sth to do sth 用某物做某事

(3) used to do sth 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做。

(4) be used to do sth 被用来做某事 =be used for doing sth

e.g. My grandpa is used ______________ (live) in country.

e.g. We use Internet __________(find) information.

e.g. I used  __________( get up ) early in the morning.

e.g. Stamps is used ____________(post) letters.

7.（1）with 意为“具有，带有”，表伴随作用。

e.g. I want to buy a house with a big garden.  (我想买一座带有大花园的房子。)

（2）“同...一起，和...一起” Can you go with me?

（3）without意为“没有”，后接名词、代词或动词－ing形式。

e.g. She left _____________ saying a word.(她没有说一句话就离开了)

8. enough (名前形后)

adj. 足够的，充分的（在句中作定语或表语）

e.g.I don’t have enough money with me.

adv. 足够；充分（放在形容词；副词后）

e.g.The river is deep enough for swimming.

(    ) ①In the old days ,people’s didn’t have _____ to eat.

1. food enough    B. enough food    C.enough for

(    ) ②You are not ____ to take part in the match. Please work hard and try to improve yourself.A. good enough   B. Enough good    C. well enough

9. run out“用完”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为表示“时间、食物、金钱” 等词；而run out of意为“用完；用尽”，是及物动词短语，表示主动含义，主语一般是人，相当于use up。例如：

We have run out of paper.我们的纸用完了。

You’d better go home before your money runs out. 你最好别等钱花光再回家。

We ran out of coal, and had to burn wood. 我们的煤用光了，只好烧柴。

 

 

Unit 2 I'll help clean the city parks.

一．重点短语归纳

1. clean up 打扫(或清除)干净
2. cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振奋
3. give out 分发;散发
4. come up with 想出；提出
5. try out 试用;试行
6. put up 建造;举起;张贴
7. hand out 分发;散发;发给
8. put off 推迟;延迟
9. raise money 筹钱;募捐
10. take after 与......相像;像
11. give away 赠送;捐赠
12. fix up 修理;修补;解决
13. be similar to 与……相似
14. used to do 过去常常；曾经\
15. make a difference to 对…有影响；有作用
16. give up 放弃
17. come true 成为现实
18. call up 打电话给某人
19. set up 建立；设立
20. right way 立刻；马上
21. take after（外貌或行为）像
22. take after 与…类似
23. be a ble to 能够
24. work out 解决；产生结果
25. at the age of 在多少岁时

 

 

二．知识点串讲

1. put off推迟

由put构成的常用短语有：

put away将……收起来    put on穿上；上演    put down放下，记下

put out熄灭；伸出      put back放回原处     put up举起；张贴；搭建

2. fix up修理;修补

由up构成的常用短语有：

put up举起；张贴；搭建      pick up 捡起；接电话；去接某人

take up 开始做；开始从事     call up 打电话给某人

cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振奋    come up with 相出；提出

3. lonely与alone的辨析：（live alone，feel lonely 独自居住，感到孤单）

alone	可做形容词也可做副词，句中只作表语。强调独自一人，没有陪伴。
lonely	只做形容词，意为孤独的，寂寞的，带有较强感情色彩。

e.g. Don’t leave me alone. I will feel lonely. 别留下我一个人，我会觉得孤单的。

4. (1) be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事

(2) use sth to do sth 用某物做某事

(3) used to do sth 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做。

(4) be used to do sth 被用来做某事 =be used for doing sth

5. make a difference to 意为“（对……）产生影响”。

difference前面可加修饰词，如big, great等；to是介词，其后可接名词、代词或动名词。例如：

Education can make a big difference to the quality of a person’s life.教育对一个人的生活质量有很大影响。

The accident has made a great difference to his life. 这次事故对他的人生产生了重大影响。

One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘，谬以千里。

【拓展】make no difference to意为“对……没有影响”。例如：

It makes no difference to me. 这对我没什么影响。

6. not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用来连接两个并列的成分

(1)引导以 not only …but (also)… 开头的句子往往引起倒装。

也就是说要把前面句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如：

Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best.

我不仅能做到而且做得最好。

⑵Not only…but (also)… 连接两主语时，谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则。如：

Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。

Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。

常见的就近原则的结构有：

(1)Neither… nor…即不…也不… (两者都不)

Neither you nor I _____him. 我和你都不喜欢他。

(2) Either… or… 不是…就是… (两者中的一个)

Either Lily or you ____a student.

(3)There be句型

 

 

Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?

一．重点短语归纳

1. go to the movies 去看电影
2. get a ride 搭车
3. work on 从事
4. finish doing sth. 完成做某事
5. clean and tidy 干净整洁
6. fold your/the clothes 叠衣服
7. sweep the floor 扫地
8. make your/the bed 整理床铺
9. clean the living room 打扫客厅
10. no problem 没问题
11. throw down 扔下
12. come over 过来

13.share the housework 分担家务

14. in surprise 惊讶地

15.hang out 闲逛

16.pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人

17.lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人

18. get sth. wet 使某物弄湿
19. invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会
20. in order to为了
21. mind doing sth. 介意做某事
22. depend on依赖;依靠
23. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
24. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛

 

（1）do, make 短语归类
do the dishes 洗餐具
do my homework 做我的家庭作业
do chores 做家务，处理琐事
do the laundry 洗衣
do the shopping 购物
do some reading 读书
make your bed 铺床
make breakfast 做早餐
make dinner 做晚饭
make tea 泡茶，沏茶
make a cup of coffee 冲一杯咖啡

二．重点句子

1. Could you please do sth ?请你（做）......好吗？

用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。

Could 不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.

肯定回答：Yes, I can. / Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.

否定回答： Sorry , I can’t

否定句：Could you please not do sth ?请你不要（做）......好吗？

各种表示“请求”的句型：

Could you please do......?

Would you please do.......?

Would you like/love to do ...?

Shall I/we do....?

Let’s do.......

1) —Could I borrow your camera?

— ___________，but please give it back by Saturday.

1. I am sorry     B. Of course      C. Certainly not  D. No, thanks

2) —Sir , could you please put out your cigarette? This is a smoke-free（无烟的）school.

— __________

1. I'm sorry about this.          B. No problem
2. Sure, I'd love to             D. Never mind

3) Tom , would you please ___ the box? It’s for your sister.

1. not open    B. don’t open    C. not to open   D. to not open
2. the minute = as soon as  “一...... 就......”

The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over .

我刚坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。

= My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV.

 

三．知识点串讲

1．I think two hours of TV is enough for you!

我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。

【解析】two hours of TV

表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

e.g.Three years _______(be) really a short time.

动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

e.g.Taking good care of her  _______(be) your duty.

2. 2. borrow＆lend

（1）borrow 意为“借，借用”；反义词是lend（借出）。

“borrow…from”意为“从……借（入）……”。

e.g. I often borrow books from the library. 我经常从图书馆里借书。

（2）“lend…to”意为“把……借（出）……”。

e.g. I lend my book to Lily. 我把我的书借给莉莉了。

（3）keep意为“保留”，return意为“归还”。

3. as a result

as a result意为“因此；结果”，在句中作状语。例如：
He didn’t practise, and as a result he lost. 他没有练习，所以输了。
The traffic was very heavy and as a result we didn’t arrive on time.
交通十分拥挤，因此我们没有能准时到达。
as a result of意为“由于……；作为……的结果”。先交代结果，再用as a result of连接原因。

例如：We can’t go out as a result of the heavy rain. 因为下大雨，我们不能出去。

4. neither

（1）neither“两者都不”，反义词是both“两者都”

（2）neither …nor… 既不…也不…, 连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定

Neither Tom nor Jim is a student

（3）neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语   “某人（主语） 也不”

Mary doesn’t like singing. Neither do I.

玛丽不喜欢唱歌，我也不喜欢。（我和Mary 有相同的情况，前句是否定句，下文用neither开头，主谓倒装）

（4）如果上文是肯定句，下文表示与上文有相同情况时，用“so+ be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语”。例如：

Mary likes singing. So do I.

玛丽喜欢唱歌。我也喜欢。（我和Mary有相同情况，前句是肯定句，下文用so开头，主谓倒装）

5. find +宾语+宾语补足语

【注】find → found →found v 寻找

(1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人正在做某事

(2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很……

◆find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难

 

(  ) She found ___ hard to finish the work by herself.

1. that   B. it’s   C. it   D. this
2. make sb. do sth 让某人做某事

make → made →made v. 做， 制作， 使得

(1) make sb/sth + 形容词   “让某人或某物…”  make you happy

(2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事          make me laugh.

1) Colors can change our moods and make us ___ happy or sad, energetic or sleep.

1. to  feel   B. feeling   C. felt   D. feel

2) He lost his key. It made him ___ in the cold to wait for his wife’s return.

1. to stay     B. stayed     C. stays     D. stay

7.”It is + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.”的句型，意为“对某人来说，做某事是......的”

It is adj.+ to do sth.

e.g. It is important for us to learn English.

e.g.I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with homework.

 

 

Unit4.Why don’t you talk to your parents?

一．重点短语归纳

1. 1. look through翻看
2. 2. be angry with sb. 生某人的气
3. 3. a big deal重要的事
4. 4. work out成功地发展;解决
5. 5. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
6. 6. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
7. 7. give sb. pressure给某人施压
8. 8. compete with sb. 与某人竞争
9. 9. cause stress造成压力
10. 10. cut out删除
11. allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事
12. 1 hang out with sb 与某人闲逛
13. argue with sb与某人争吵
14. 1have a fight with sb/get into a fight with sb与某人吵/打架
15. call up 给某人打电话
16. 1 a big deal 重要的事
17. work out成功地发展;解决
18. 1 get on with 与……相处
19. hang over 笼罩
20. 2so that 以便，为了
21. mind sb doing sth 介意某人做某事
22. 2 copy one’s homework 抄某人的作业
23. compare with sb  与……进行比较
24. in one’s opinion 依……看；在某人看来
25. be crazy about 对……很着迷；抓狂

 

二．重点句子

1. 用于提建议的句型有：

(1) Why don’t you do sth.?= Why not do sth.? 为什么不呢？

(2) What about doing sth. ?=How about doing sth.?  ….怎么样？

(3) Let’s do sth. 让我们一起做某事吧。

(4) Shall we/I do sth.? 我们做…好吗？

(5) had better do/not do sth. 最好做/不做某事

(6) Will/Would you please do sth. 请你做…好吗？

(7) Would you like to do sth.? 你想去做某事吗？

(8) Would you mind doing sth.？你介意做某事吗？

【回答】

(1). 同意对方的建议时，一般用：

◆ Good idea. / That’s good idea. 好主意

◆ OK/ All right. / Great. 好/ 行/太好了

◆ Yes, please. / I’d love to. 是的/ 我愿意

◆ I agree with you. 我同意你的看法

◆ No problem. 没问题

◆ Sure./ Of course./ Certainly. 当然可以

◆ Yes, I think so. 对，我也这样想

(2).对对方的帮助或要求表示委婉谢绝时，一般用：

◆ I don’t think so. 我认为不是这样

◆ Sorry, I can’t. 对不起，我不能

◆ I’d love to, but…我愿意，但恐怕……

◆ I’m afraid… 恐怕……

1).— Why not go to Lao She Tea house tonight?   — ______.

1. It doesn't matter.    B. Thank you.   C. Sorry to hear that.  D. Sounds great.

2).—I feel really tired.   —______

1. Lucky you!               B. You’d better work harder.
2. Congratulations!           D. Why not go and have a rest?

3). —It’s a nice day, isn’t it?       —Yes.  ______ going hiking and relax ourselves?

1. Why not    B. Why don’t    C. What about

4).You look too tired. Why not _____ a rest?

1. Stop to have    B. to stop having    C. stop having

 

三．重点语法---状语从句

状语从句就是在句子中作状语的从句。状语从句有好几种，如时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句等。本单元重点讲述以下三种类型的状语从句。

1.until引导的时间状语从句

（1）until用在肯定句中，多与持续性的动词连用。如stand/wait/stay等，表示主句动作的终止时间。例如：

I will wait here until you come back.

我会在这里等到你回来。

(2) until可用于否定句中，即not…until…意为“直到……才”，常与非延续性动词连用。如open/start/leave/arrive等，强调主句动作开始的时间。例如：

The child didn’t go to bed until his father came back.

直到父亲回来，那个孩子才睡觉。

2．so that引导的目的状语从句

So that                 

In order to  （in order not to）            

Let me take down your telephone number so that I can call you later.

3. although引导的让步状语从句

although(= though)是连词，意为“即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。注意: although不与but连用。

Although he had only entered the contest for fun, he won fist prize.

 

四．知识点串讲

1.look through 浏览

【拓展】与look相关的短语：

look for 寻找            look after=take care of=care for照看

look over检查,复习       look through翻看；浏览

look out小心,从里向外看  look up向上看,查单词

look around环视         look forward to期望

1). Can you help me to _______ my dog when I leave for Hong Kong?

1. look after    B. look for    C. look at     D. look through

2). Here is the book. First _________ it and then tell me what you think of it.

1. look into B. look through  C. look up D. look after
2. instead 代替，反而，替

(1) instead  副词，代替，常放在句首或句尾,表示前面的事情没做，而做了后面的事情。

Lee was ill so I went instead.李病了，所以我去了。

(2) instead of +n/doing 代替，而不是，放在句中

instead of 为介词短语，后面一般接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式。

She wrote to him instead of calling him. =She didn’t call him. She wrote to him instead.

她没有给他打电话，而是给他写了封信。

1）Health is very important to us. We should eat more vegetables and fruit _____ rich food.

1. instead   B. instead of      C. because of      D. because

2）We’ve got no coffee. Let’s have tea _______.

1. either   B. however   C. yet   D. instead
2. offer 动词，意为“主动提出，自愿给予”。

offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事

辨析：

offer 和 provide 的用法：

offer sb. Sth. = offer sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物。

provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb.

4. get on with

get on/along with sb. 意为“与某人相处”；get on well with sb. 意为“与某人和睦相处”； get on with sth. 意为“某事进展如何”例如：

He gets on (well) with his classmates.

他和同学们相处融洽。

How do you get on with your studies?

你的学业进展如何？

【拓展】

get on 还有“上车”的意思，后面常接bus; train等表示交通工具的词；反义词为get off。例如：The old man got on/ off  the bus slowly. 那位老人慢慢地上/下了公共汽车

5. pay ,   spend ,   cost ,   take  的区别

1）pay 花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是人.

1. spay  some  money  for  sth.

e.g.I  paid  5000  yuan  for  the  computer  last  week .

2）spend   花费 ( 多少钱或时间 ),主语是人.

1. sspend some money/time  on  sth./ ( in ) doing  sth.

e.g.I  spent  5000  yuan  on  the  computer  last  week .

e.g.She  spent  2  hours  ( in )  doing  her  homework .

3）cost   花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是物.

sth./it  cost/costs  sb.  some  money .

e.g.This  jacket  cost  him  200  dollars .

4）take 花费 (时间 )

It  takes/took  sb.  some  time  to  do  sth .花费某人多少时间做某事

How  long  does  it  take  sb.  to  do  sth ?花费某人多少时间做某事?

It  took  Liu  Hong  2  hours  to  do  her  homework .

It  takes  me  10  minutes  to  walk  to  school  from  home .

It  will  take  them  6  months  to  build  the  building .

How  long  does  it  take  him  to  plant  the  trees  ?

 

 

Unit5 . What were you doing when the rainstorm came?

 

一．重点短语归纳

1. make sure 确信;确认
2. beat against... 拍打… …
3. 3. wake up 醒来
4. 4. in a mess 一团糟
5. 5. go off (闹钟)发出响声
6. 6. pick up 接电话
7. 7. miss the event 错过这个事件
8. 8. make one’s way to. •. 在某人去……的路上
9. in silence 沉默;无声
10. take down 拆除;摧毁
11. have meaning to 对……有意义
12. 12. once upon a time 从前
13. 13. continue to do sth. 继续做某事

14.try to do sth. 试图做某事

15. 15. keep doing sth. 坚持做某事
16. 16. give up 放弃
17. 17. instead of 代替;反而
18. 18. turn .. . into 变成

 

二．重点语法

1、过去进行时

1.）过去进行时的构成

过去进行时有“was/were+动词-ing”形式构成。以动词work为例，其肯定式、否定式、疑问式以及简略答语见下表：

肯定式	否定式
I/He/She/It was working. We/You/They were working.	I/He/She/It was not working. We/You/They were not working.
疑问句	简略答语
Was I working?	Yes,you were. No,you were not
Were you working?	Yes,I was No,I was not
Was she/he/it working?	Yes,she/he/it was No,she/he/it was not
Were you/we/they working?	Yes,we/you/they were No,we/you/they were not

2）过去进行时的用法

过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间，除有上下文暗示以外，一般用时间状语表示（at ten last night, at this moment yesterday）

例： —What were you doing this time yesterday.

—We were having a class.

when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时时，主句一般用过去进行时。

while引导的时间状语从句一般用过去进行时。

2、状语从句

本单元我们接触了when和while引导的时间状语从句，时间状语从句的引导词有很多，常见的有：

 

When 当……的时候	When he woke up, the sun was rising.
While 在……期间	while Linda was sleeping,Jenny was helping mary with her homework.
Before 在……之前	I wiped my shoes on the mat before I came in
After 在……之后	I found your coat after you had left the house.
As 当……的时候	He smiled as he passed.
Since 自从	Since his wife died ,he’s let himself go.
Until 直到……	Let’s wait until the rain stops.

 

三．知识点串讲

1. 1.try搭配的词组：

try to do sth设法做某事；  try on试穿；  try out尝试，实验；

try one’s best尽全力；    have a try试一下

2. pick up

1) 接电话 (=pick up the phone)

2) 拾起；捡起   Pick that book up.   把那本书捡起来。

3) 搭载

e.g.We’ll send the ambulance to pick him up. 我们要派一辆救护车把他接走。

3. feel like+名词，意为“觉得好像……”。 
   　e.g.It feels like rain soon.好像马上就要下雨了。
   (2) feel like + doing;意为“想做” = want to do sth =would like to do sth.
   e.g.I don’t feel like ________(eat) anything now.我现在什么都不想吃。
4. 4. arrive  at 到达(小地方)     arrive  in到达(大地方)

   reach 到达                  get  to  到达

I  arrived  in  Beijing  last  night . ==  I  reached  Beijing  last  night .

==  I  got  to  Beijing   last  night .

如果宾语是副词here, there, home, 要把at \ in \ to省略:

arrive  here \ there \ home

 get  here \ there \ home

5.主语 + be  +  one  of  the  + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词 +  in \ of 短语 . …… 是……中最……的……之一.

This  was  one  of  the  most  important  events  in  modern  American  history .这是美国历史上最重要的事件之一.

Shanghai  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  cities  in  china .