《孟子》二章练习题及答案

2023年4月17日21:33:09八年级上册文言文189阅读模式

《孟子》二章

知识梳理

1. 重点词语解释

(1)公孙衍、张仪岂不诚大丈夫哉                                                 

(2)是焉得为大丈夫乎                                                       

(3)丈夫之冠也                                                             

(4)父命之                                                                 

(5)往送之门                                                               

(6)戒之曰                                                                   

(7)往之女家                                                               

(8)以顺为正者                                                             

(9)与民由之                                                               

(10)富贵不能淫                                                             

(11)贫贱不能移                                                            

(12)威武不能屈                                                            

(13)舜发于畎亩之中                                                        

(14)傅说举于版筑之间                                                      

(15)管夷吾举于士                                                           

(16)百里奚举于市                                                           

(17)必先苦其心志                                                            

(18)劳其筋骨                                                               

(19)饿其体肤                                                                

(20)空乏其身                                                               

(21)行拂乱其所为                                                           

(22)所以动心忍性                                                                  

(23)曾益其所不能                                                              

(24)人恒过                                                                 

(25)困于心,衡于虑,而后作                                                   

(26)征于色,发于声,而后喻                                                  

(27)入则无法家拂士                                                         

2. 通假字

(1)往之女家            ,同                    

(2)曾益其所不能            ,同          

(3)困于心,衡于虑,而后作           ,同                    

(4)入则无法家拂士          ,同                  

3. 古今异义

(1)公孙衍、张仪岂不诚大丈夫哉  古义:            ;今义:诚实

(2)父命之  古义:             ;今义:命令

(3)丈夫之冠也  古义:            ;今义:女子的配偶

(4)富贵不能淫  古义:                  ;今义:淫乱

(5)管夷吾举于士  古义:            ;今义:士兵

(6)傅说举于版筑之间  古义:                ;今义:建筑,修路

(7)故天将降大任于是人也  古义:            ;今义:判断动词

(8)所以动心忍性  古义:          ;今义:表因果关系的连词

4. 一词多义

戒之曰__________                                        

(1)戒

必敬必戒__________                                     

丈夫之冠也__________                                   

母命之__________                                       

(2)之     往送之门__________                                     

妾妇之道__________                                     

居天下之广居__________                                 

与民由之__________                                     

是焉得为大丈夫乎__________                             

(3)得

得志,与民由之__________                               

舜发于畎亩之中__________                               

(4)发

征于色,发于声,而后喻__________                       

然后知生于忧患而死于安乐也__________                   

(5)于     舜发于畎亩之中__________                               

故天将降大任于是人也__________                         

行拂乱其所为__________                                 

(6)拂

入则无法家拂士__________                               

5. 词类活用

(1)富贵不能淫          使动用法,        

(2)贫贱不能移          使动用法,        

(3)威武不能屈          使动用法,        

(4)居天下之广居          作名词,        

(5)丈夫之冠也,父命之          作动词,        

(6)傅说举于版筑之间          作名词,        

(7)苦其心志,劳其筋骨          使动用法,           

(8)饿其体肤          使动用法,         

(9)所以动心忍性          使动用法,               

(10)空乏其身          使动用法,                

(11)人恒过,然后能改          作动词,        

6. 文言句式

请指出下面的特殊句式并翻译。

(1)戒之曰。              ,省去主语“母亲”

译:                                                                  

(2)以顺为正者,妾妇之道也。              

译:                                                                   

(3)舜发于畎亩之中。              

译:                                                                  

(4)困于心,衡于虑,而后作。              

译:                                                                  

(5)然后知生于忧患而死于安乐也。              

译:                                                                  

 

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