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一、 数词:
分类:数词有基数词和序数词两种。英语的数词可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语和定语。
一). 基数词:表示数目的词叫基数词。
1、 英语中常用的基数词有:
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 |
one
two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve |
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
|
thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen
|
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 |
twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety one(a) hundred
|
23
35
101
|
twenty-three
thirty-five
one hundred and one
|
1000→one(a) thousand,
10000→ ten thousand,
100000→one hundred thousand ,
1000000→one million,10000000→ten million,
100000000→one hundred million,
108→one hundred and eight, 146→one hundred and forty-six,
500→five hundred , 1001→one thousand and one, 1813→one thousand eight hundred and thirteen.
[注意]:
(1)百位与十位之间要加and;十万位和万位,亿位和千万位之间通常也要加and。
(2)英语用千、百万等单位计数,大数字从右向左看, 每隔三位划一逗号,倒数第一个逗号之前要用thousand,倒数第二个逗号之前要用million,倒数第三的逗号之前要用billion表示。
(3) hundred、 thousand、 million作数词时,不用复数,前面可以加上one, two, …等其它数词。用作名词时复数表示“成…上…”,后面必须要有of,前面可以加上some,many,several等词。如:five hundred(五百), hundreds of(成百上千的), ten thousand(一万), thousands of(成千上万的), millions of(成百万的)
一). 序数词:表示顺序的数词叫序数词。
1、 英语的序数词基本变法:
(1) 一般在基数词后加th,
(2)-ve结尾的改为-fth,
(3)-ty结尾的改为-tieth,
(4)熟记特殊词。
2、序数词如下:
1st
2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th |
※first
※second ※third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth |
13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th
|
thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth
|
20th 30th 40th 50th 60th 70th 80th 90th 100th |
twentieth thirtieth fortieth fiftieth sixtieth seventieth eightieth ninetieth one undredth
|
21st
22nd 23rd
35th
101st
|
twenty-first
twenty-second twenty-third
thirty-fifth
one hundred and first
|
1000th→one thousandth, 1000000th →one millionth.,
第703→the seven hundred and third,
第5480→the five thousand four hundred and eightieth.
3、注:
(1)两位以上的序数词仅个位数部分用序数词,其余部分仍用基数词。如:thirty-sixth,
(2) 使用序数词时一般加定冠词the. 如:I’m in the third grade.
(3) 序数词作“几分之几”讲时,有复数形式。如:1/5→one fifth ; 2/3→ two thirds ; 4/7→ four sevenths ; 1/2→ a half ; 1/4→a quarter ; 3/4→ three quarters ; 50%→ fifty hundredths ( fifty per cent).
4、数词的用法:
- 表示年份:2002: twenty thousand and two ; 1976 : nineteen seventy-six.
- 表示日期: 12月1日:1st或the first of December;2002年11月8日: Nov. 8th, 2002.
- 表示时刻: 5:15→ five fifteen或a quarter past five ; 8:30→ eight thirty或half past eight ; 10:45→ ten forty-five或a quarter to eleven.
- 表示编号:Room 105→Room one 0 five; Bus No.13→Bus Number Thirteen; P.5→Page Five; Tel.No.7658659→Telephone Number seven-six-five-eight-six-five-nine
- 小数的读法:7→ five point seven, 0.16 →zero point one six.
- 6、“半”的表达: 1/2→half, 半小时→half an hour, 1.5小时→one and a half hours或one hour and a half.
- 序数词前面加the时,表示顺序,加a/an时表示“再一、又一”。如:The third lessonis rather difficult.(第三课相当难)/ Shall we read the text a third time?(我们把课文读第三遍,好吗?)