初中名师视频课程免费试听1200分钟 |
||||
初一全科强化班辅导课程 免费听课 | 初二强化班辅导课程 免费听课 | 初三强化班辅导课程 免费听课 |
- 介 词
一、介词概述
1、介词的定义: 介词是一种虚词,用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语在 句中与其它词的关系,不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当 于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语, 状语,表语和宾语补足语。
2、介词的分类: 时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词等。
- 介词短语的句法作用
介词短语作为一个成分在句中可用作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等。
(1)作定语
介词短语作定语时,一般放在被修饰词的后面,作后置定语。
The book on the desk is very interesting.
书桌上的那本书很有趣。
China is a great country with a long history.
中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。
(2)作状语
介词短语作状语时,一般放在动词后面或句末、句首。用来表示时间、地点、目的、方式和原因等。
The basketball match will start at nine.
篮球比赛将在9点开始。(表示时间)
He likes to swim in the river.
他喜欢去河里游泳。(表示地点)
I went there to get my book back.
我去那里取回我的书。(表示目的)
I came here by bike.
我骑自行车来到这里。(表示方式)
She was trembling with fear.
她吓得直发抖。(表示原因)
(3)作表语
介词短语作表语时,一般放在be动词和连系动词之后。
I’m on duty today.
今天我值日。
My English teacher is from Australia.
我的英语老师来自澳大利亚。
(4)作宾语补足语
介词短语作宾语补足语时,一般放在宾语之后。
I found everything in good condition.
我发现一切状况良好。
When he woke up, he found himself in the hospital.
当他醒来时,他发现自己在医院里。
二、介词考点纵览
知识点考点
|
考点对应典型例题剖析 |
考点一: 表示时间的介词
|
考点1:in 的 用 法 。
|
① 与morning, afternoon, evening连用表示在上午、下午、晚上。
They always play basketball in the afternoon. 他们经常在下午打篮球。 Don’t eat too much in the evening. 晚上不要吃太多。 ② 表示在某世纪、年代、年、月、季节的含义时。 She came to this factory in 1970. 她是在1970年来到这个工厂工作的。 It often snows heavily here in winter. 这儿冬天经常下大雪。 ③ 表示从现在起一段时间以后。(这个用法常用将来时) Tom will be back from America in a week. 汤姆一周之后将从美国回来。 I will go to visit you in a month. 一个月后我将会去拜访你。 |
|
典型例题 1
The train is starting ___five minutes. 答案:A 典型例题 2 Mrs. Brown came to China ____ 1996. 答案:D 典型例题 3 I like making snowmen ___ winter. 答案:A |
|
考点2: at的用法。
|
|
① 表示某一具体时刻(几点几分时)。
She gets up at seven o'clock in the morning. 她早晨七点钟起床。 Bella got home at eight yesterday evening. Bella昨晚八点钟到家。 ② 用在特定的时候(时节、时机)。 We were happy at that time. 我们那个时候很幸福。 I think the school has been closed at this time. 我想学校这个时间已经关门了。 ③ 与noon、night、weekends连用。 You can see many stars in the sky at night. 在夜里你会看到天空有许多星星。 What do you always do at noon? 你中午经常做些什么? ④ 表示“在……岁”时。 At the age of two, the girl could run. 在2岁的时候,这个小女孩就会跑了。 |
|
典型例题 1
The English teacher told me to get there____ half past ten. 答案:B 典型例题 2 He often goes ____ school ____ six thirty. 答案:B 典型例题 3 I often have lunch ____ noon. A. for B. to C. in D. at 答案:D |
|
考点3:on的用法。
|
|
① 表示“在具体的某一天”或“(在具体的某一天的)早上、中午、晚上”等,须用介词on。
Jack was born on May 10th,1982. 杰克生于1982年5月10日。 They left on a rainy morning. 他们是在一个雨天的早上离开的。 ② 表示“在星期几”或“在星期几的早上、中午、晚上”等,须用介词on。 We don’t go to school on Saturday and Sunday. 我们星期六和星期天不上学。 What time do you get up on weekdays? 你在平日什么时候起床? I heard this story on Saturday morning. 我是在星期六的早晨听到这个故事的。 ③ 表示“在某一节日”时,须用介词on。 We usually eat mooncakes on Mid-autumn Festival. 我们通常在中秋节吃月饼。 Mr. Hu received a card on Teachers’Day. 胡老师在教师节那天收到了一张卡片。 |
|
典型例题 1
He went back to America a summer afternoon. 答案:C 典型例题 2 He often goes to the library ____ Saturday morning. 答案:A 典型例题 3 I met him ____ the afternoon of September 12th A. for B. to C. on D. at 答案:C |
|
考点4:before、after和from的用法。
|
|
① before表示“在……之前”。
Wash your hands before dinner. 在晚餐之前你要洗手。 I have to finish my homework before 10 o’ clock. 我不得不在十点之前完成家作。 ② after表示“在……之后”。 They often play football after class. 他们经常在下课后踢足球 My father often watches TV after dinner. 我爸爸经常晚饭后看电视。 ③ from表示时间时,常和to连用,构成from…to…的结构,表示“从…到…”。 He kept on working from seven to twelve last night. 他昨晚从7点一直工作到12点。 I go to school from Monday to Friday. 我周一到周五要去学校。 |
|
典型例题 1
经理七点后回来。 翻译:The manager will come back after seven o’clock. 典型例题 2 三天后,我去参加了一个聚会。 翻译:After three days I went to a party. 典型例题 3 她从早唱到晚。 翻译:She is singing from morning to night. |
|
考点二: 表示地点、方位的介词
|
考点1:in的用法。
|
① 表示在较大的地方。
in the factory 在工厂 in Shanghai 在上海 in China 在中国 ② 表示“在……里面”。 There are many apples in the box. 盒子里有许多苹果。 He put his hands in his pockets. 他把他的手放进口袋。 |
|
典型例题 1
They arrived at the famous town ___ South Jiangsu. A. in B. on C. at D. of 答案:A 典型例题 2 She is living ___ Nanjing. A. on B. in C. at D. of 答案:B 典型例题 3 Can you see the book ___ the box? A. at B. in C. on D. of 答案:B |
|
考点2:at的用法。
|
|
① 表示在较狭窄较小的地方。
Shall we meet at the station?我们在车站见面好吗? ② 用于门牌号码前。 He lives at 115 Zhongshan Road. 他住在中山路115号 |
|
典型例题 1
They arrived at the famous town ___ South Jiangsu. A. in B. on C. at D. of 答案:A 典型例题 2 Do you notice the bread ___ the table? A. to B. in C. at D. of 答案:C 典型例题 3 My brother stayed ___home last night. A. at B. in C. on D. Of 答案:A |
|
考点3:on,over和above的用法。
|
|
① on表示“在……之上”(两物体接触)。
There are some apples on the tree. 树上有一些苹果。 There is a book on the desk. 桌上有一本书。 ② over表示“在……正上方”(两物体的表面没有接触)。 The sky is over our heads. 天在我们的头顶上。 ③ above表示“在……之上”(不一定垂直,两物体的表面没有接触)。 The plane is flying above clouds. 飞机在云上飞行。 |
|
典型例题 1
She put her coat ___ the bed. A. in B. over C. above D. on 答案:D 典型例题 2 There is a bridge ___ the sea A. in B. over C. above D. on 答案:B 典型例题 3 The bird is flying ___ the water. A. in B. over C. above D. on 答案:C |
|
考点4:under和below的用法。
|
|
① under表示“在……正下方”(其反义词是over)。
There is a ball under the desk. 在桌子下有一个球。 ② below表示“在……下方”(不一定是正下方)。 From the top of the hill, we could see the blue ocean below. 我们从山顶上能看到下边蓝色的大海。 |
|
典型例句
Write your name below the line.在线下写上你的名字。 The cat was under the table.猫在桌子下面。 She put the letter under the pillow.她把信放在枕头下。 |
|
考点5:behind、in front of、in the front of的用法。
|
|
① behind表示“在……后面”。
There is a new car behind the house. 在房子后面有一辆新车。 ② in front of表示“在……(一个整体的)前面”。 in the front of 表示“在……(一个整体前半部分的)前面”。 典型例句: The driver is usually in the front of the car. 司机通常坐在汽车前面。 There are many books behind the box. 箱子后面有很多书。 |
|
考点6:between、among的用法。
|
|
① between表示“在……(两者)之间”。
My bedroom is between my two sisters’. 我的卧室在2个姐姐房间之间 ② among表示“在……(三者或三者以上)之间”。 There is a black bag among all these bags. 在这些书包之中有个黑书包。 |
|
典型例题 1
There is a bank _____ two buildings. A. among B. between C. in D. of 答案:B 典型例题 2 I am sitting _____ my parents A. among B. between C. in D. of 答案:B 典型例题 3 I see a beautiful flower _____ the trees. A. among B. between C. in D. of 答案:A |
|
考点三: 表示动向的介词
|
考点1:into、out of的用法。
|
into表示从外到里;out of 表示从里到外。
I saw them go into the house. 我看见他们都走进了房子里。 Lily runs out of the classroom. Lily跑出了教室。 |
|
典型例题 1
一只兔子从箱子里跳了出来。 翻译:A rabbit jumps out of the box. 典型例题 2 老师带着一本书走进了教室。 翻译:The teacher walked into the classroom with a book. 典型例题 3 I went _____ the cinema to watch a film A. into B. out of C. in D. on 答案:A |
|
考点2:up、down的用法。
|
|
up表示向上;down表示向下。
We climbed up the mountain to the top. 我们爬上了山顶。 She opened the door and went down the stairs. 她打开门然后走下楼梯。 |
|
考点3:across、through的用法。 |
|
① across表示“从……(表面)穿过”
He walked across the road carefully. 他小心地穿过马路。 The duck is swimming across the river. 鸭子正游过那条河。 ② through表示“从……(里面)穿过” She walked through the forest alone. 她独自穿过森林。 He wants to go out through the window. 他想从窗户出去。 |
|
典型例题 1
Look left and right before you go _____ the street. A. across B. through C. in D. on 答案:A 典型例题 2 The sun goes _____ the window. A. across B. through C. in D. on 答案:B 典型例题 3 The train is going _____ the tunnel. A. across B. through C. in D. on 答案:B |
|
考点四: 表示方式的介词
|
考点1:表示方式的介词主要由by、 with、in等。
|
① by表示“靠、用、以……手段”。
I always go to school by bus. 我总是坐公交车去上学。 He makes a living by selling newspapers. 他靠卖报纸营生。 ② with表示“使用(有形工具)、和……一起、具有…、带有…”。 He cut the cake with a knife. 他用到切蛋糕。 I go to school with my friends. 我跟朋友一起去上学。 The man with big eyes is my father. 这个大眼睛的男人是我爸。 ③ in表示“用……语言,以……方式”。 He can speak English. 他会说英语。 |
|
典型例题 1
He broke the window _____ a stone. A. by B. with C. in D. from 答案:B 典型例题 2 What’s this _____ English? A. in B. over C. above D. on 答案:A 典型例题 3 My brother gets to school _____ bus every day. A. in B. over C. by D. on 答案:C |