牛津英语八年级上册第三单元知识点汇总

2023年7月2日20:02:09初中英语114阅读模式

牛津英语8A unit3 单元知识解析

Comic strip and welcome to the unit

1.What are you going to do,Eddie?埃迪,你要做什么? (教材第30页)

be ( am/is/are ) goingto+动词原形构成- 般将来时态,表示打算或计划做某事。be 的形式与主语在人称和数上保持一致。

-What are you going to do tomorrow?明天你打算做什么?

-I'm going to visit my grandparents.我打算去看望我的祖父母。

2.I'm going to exercise.我要去锻炼。( 教材第30页)

exercise  此处用作不及物动词,意为“锻炼”。

My father exercises every morning.我父亲每天早晨锻炼。

[拓展] exercise还可用作可数名词,意为“练习;一套动作”。

I have may exercises to do.我有许多练习要做。

Doing eye exercises is good for our eyes.做眼保健操对我们的眼睛有益。

②exercise; 用作不可数名词,意为“锻炼”。do/take exercise意为“锻炼(身体)”。

Exercise makes us strong and healthy.锻炼使我们强壮和健康。

It's important for us to take exercise every day.对于我们来说,每天进行体育锻炼是重要的。

3.You need to exercise and keep ft.你需要锻炼,保持健康。(教材第30页)

(1 ) need  此处用作实义动词,

意为“需要”,主要有以下用法:

①need sth.需要某物

They don't need any help他们不需要任何帮助。

②need to do sth.需要做某事

He needs to have a good rest,他需要好好休息下。

③need doing... (某事)需要被做(与need to be done同义)

These flowers need watering.这些花需要浇水。[拓展] need 作情态动词讲时,没有人称、时态和数的变化,后接动词原形,主要用于否定句或疑问句中。

You needn't become so nervous.你没有必要变得如此紧张。

-Must I bring my homework now? 我现在必须把家庭作业带来吗?

-No, you needn't. You can bring it tomorrow.不,没有必要。你可以明天把它带来。

(2)keep fit意为“保持健康”。keep此处用作连系

动词,意为“保持”; fit形容词,意为“健康的”,与healthy意思相近。

More exercise makes you keep fit.多运动使你保持健康。

4.Come on,Hobo.快来霍波。(教材第30页)

come on此处意为“来吧;赶快”,用于催促他人。

Come on, everyone. We'll be late.大家快点儿,我们要迟到了。[拓展]

come on的用法有很多,人们在日常生活中经常使用该词组来表达不同的感情,传递不同的信息。come on多用于祈使句中:

①激励别人Come on, you can do it!没问题,你能行!

②表示责备或不耐烦Come on, don't lie!得啦,别撒谎了!

③给别人加油助威Come on! Come on!加油!加油!

④用于挑衅对方Come on, then, hit me!那么来啊,打我呀!

  1. Let's enjoy ourselves!让我们尽情享受吧!(教材第30页)

enjoy oneself  意为“玩得愉快”,相当于have a good time/have fun。

We enjoyed ourselves in the park.

= We had a good time/had fun in the park.我们在公园里玩得很愉快。

I enjoyed myself.我玩得很愉快。

Lingling enjoyed herself.玲玲玩得很愉快。

注意:

使用enjoy oneself短语时,enjoy后的反身代词在人称和数上要与enjoy的主语保持一-致。

中考●链接

We had a school trip last week and we enjoyed____________.

  1. us         B. our          C. ours        D. ourselves

解析:我们可用“固定搭配法”解答此题。enjoy oneself意为“玩得开心”,为固定搭配。故选D。句意:上周我们举行了一次学校旅行,我们玩得很开心。  答案:D

Welcome to the unit

  1. Take care!保重! (教材第31页)

take care  此处意为“保重’  用于向家人或朋友道别。

Take care! See you next week!保重!下 周见!

[拓展]①take care还意为“小心,注意”

可单独使用,表示提醒或警示等语气,相当于

look out或be careful;也可跟动词不定式或从句。

Take care! The ice is thin.小心!冰很薄。

Take care not to break the glass.小心不要把玻璃杯打破了。

Take care( that ) you don't cross the road when the traffic lights are red.当交通信号灯是红色

时,当心不要横穿马路。

②take care of相当于look after,意为“照顾,照看”

Who is going to take care of the babies?谁将照顾这些婴儿?

  1. We're sitting in a little coffee shop by the River Seine.我们正坐在塞纳河边的一个小咖啡厅里。(教材第31 页)

by 此处用作介词,意为“.....旁边,靠近”。

She sits by that window.她坐在那扇窗子旁边。

[拓展] by的其他常见用法:

乘(车、船等) We'll go by boat.我们将乘船去。

(指时间 )不迟于  You must be back by ten o'clock at night. 你必须在晚上10点前回来。

(表示方法、手段等)用;靠He makes a living by sling vegetables.  他靠卖菜为生。

  1. We re going to the top of the Eiffel Tower this afternoon!今天下午我们要登上埃菲尔铁塔的顶部!(教材第31页)

(1)现在进行时表示将来  这是一个现在进行时态的句子,用现在进行时态表将来,此处are going to中的to是介词。在英语中,go, come, arrive,leave, start等表示“位置移动”的动词,它们的进行时态往往表将来,含有意图、安排或打算的含义。这种现在进行时比较生动,给人一种期待感,它常表示最近或较近的将来。

They are coming soon.他们很快就来了。

When are you starting?你何时动身?

(2)top名词,意为“顶部, (物体的)上面”: the top of意为...的顶部" ,on the top of..在..-的顶部”。

Can you see the top of the mountain?你能看见山顶吗?

There is a big clock on the top of the building.在楼顶有一座大钟。

  1. How wide is the bridge?桥面多宽? ( 教材第31页)

wide

how wide (多宽)提问宽度,其答语为:基数词+metre(s )/kilometre (s )/foot feet/...+wide.

-How wide is that river?那条河有多宽?---It's about 2 metres wide.它大约2米宽。

[拓展] wide用作形容词时,还意为“宽广的”,可在句中作定语或表语。

Sam has a wide mouth.萨姆有一张大嘴。

The road is very wide.这条路很宽。

  1. The bridge is made of steel, isn't it?这座桥是用钢建成的,是不是? (教材第31页)

(1)反意疑问句  本句是一个反意疑问句。反意疑

问句的构成:陈述句+简短问句。简短问句的结构为“助动词/情态动词/连系动词be (肯定或

否定形式,否定形式时必须缩写)+代词(与主语对应)”。在使用反意疑问句时要注意以下几点:

①前面的陈述句如果是肯定的,简短问句就要用否定形式;前面的陈述句如果是否定的,简短问句就要用肯定形式;

②简短问句的主语必须是代替前面主语的代词;

③简短问句的谓语动词在时态和人称上要与前面陈述句的谓语动词保持致。

You like music, don't you?你喜欢音乐,是不是?

They won't join us , will they?他们不会加入我们,是吗?

注意

在回答反意疑问句时,只要答语的事实是肯定的,就要用yes;只要答语的事实是否定的,就要用no。

----She isn't going to buy a book, is she?她不打算买书,对吗?

----No,she isn't. 是的,她不打算买。

---Mr Smith isn't American, is he?

史密斯先生不是美国人,对吗?-Yes,he is. 不对,他是美国人。

2)辨析be made of, be made from与be made in

be made of 由 ......制成

强调从成品中能看出原材料,即制作过程中发生了物理变化

The desk is made of wood.这张书桌是木制的

be made from由......  制成

强调从成品中,已看不出原材料,即制作过程中发生了化学变化

The paper is made from wood.这些纸是用木材做的。

be made in  在.... 制造

后接表示地点的名词

The watches are made in Shanghai.这些手表是在上海生产的。

中考●链接

Your gloves should be made______leather for they feel soft and smooth.

  1. in          B. on        C. for            D. of

解析:我们可用“固定搭配法”和“关键词法’解答此题。be made in意为“.....制作”;be made of..意为“.....制成",是固定短语。由常识可知,leather(皮革)可以是制作手套的原料,所以该句应意为“你的手套应该是由皮革制成的,因为它们摸上去又软又滑”。故选D。  答案:D

6.Yes, and it weighs over 100,000 tons.是的,它的重量超过了100000吨。(教材第31页)

(1 ) weigh  此处用作动词,意为“重;.....”。

The baby weighed about 5 kilograms.这个婴儿重约5千克。

[拓展]

①weigh还可用作及物动词,意为“称的重量’  ,

He wants to weigh the cotton.叫回他想称称这些棉花的重量。

②weight用作不可数名词,意为“重量’。

My weight is 150 pounds.我的体重是150 磅。

③提问重量可用what或how much。

What's his weight? / How much does he weigh?他有多重?

(2) over  此处用作介词,意为“超过”,相当于more than。

There are over 2, 000 students in our school.我们学校有2000多名学生。

Reading

1 I'm doing fine here.我在这里挺好。 (教材第32页)

fine此处用作副词, 意为“够好,挺不错”常用于口语中。

My computer works fine.我的计算机运行得很好。

You are doing fine.你做得很好。

[拓展] fine 常用作形容词,意为“好的;健康的;晴朗的”

That's a fine book.那是一本好书。

My grandparents are fine.我的爷爷和奶奶身体很健康。

It's a fine day, isn't it?今天天气不错,是不是?

  1. Yesterday Kitty's teacher Mr Wu invited me to join their school trip to the World Park.昨天基蒂的老师吴老师邀请我参加他们学校去世界公园的旅行了。( 教材第32页)

(1)invite  及物动词,意为“邀请”。invite sb. to do sth.意为“邀请某人做某事”。

Li Daming invited us to climb the hill and have a picnic.李大明邀请我们爬山并野餐。

[拓展] invite sb. to..意为“邀请某人..... ,to是介词,后接表示地点或事件的名词。I invited my friends to my birthday party.我邀请了我的朋友们参加我的生日聚会。

2 )辨析: join, join in, join sb. in (doing)sth.与take part in

四者都含有“参加”之意,但用法有别。

join 参加某个组织或团体,并成 为其中的一员 He joined the music club last month. 他上个月加入了音乐俱乐部。
 join in  参加某个小型活动  Could I join in the game?  我可以参加这个游戏吗?
 join sb. in ( doing)sth. 和某人一起做某事

 

 Would you like to join us in dancing?你愿意和我

们一起跳舞吗?

take part in 参加会议或群众性活动,并在活动中发挥积极作用 How many countries took part in the last Olympic

Games?有 多少国家参加了上一届奥运会?

3 The sun was shining in a clear blue sky.太阳在晴朗、湛蓝的天空中照耀着。(教材第32页)

(1)过去进行时 本句为过去进行时态,表示过去某时间正在进行的动作或存 在的状态。其构成形式为“was/were + V. -ing”。

I was doing my homework at 10 yesterday morning.昨天上午10点我正在做家庭作业。

My parents were cooking dinner when I got home.我到家的时候我父母正在做晚饭。

中考●链接

My brother ______ the Indian film Dangal when I phoned him yesterday.

  1. watches     B. has watched       C. is watching    D. was watching

解析:我们可用“关键词法”解答此题。watches为动词的第三人称单数形式,用于一般现在时;has watched为现在完成时的谓语结构;is watching为现在进行时的谓语结构;was watching为过去进行时的谓语结构。由句中的yesterday可知本题主句应用过去的某个时态,而四个选项中只有D项是过去的时态。故选D。句意:当昨天我给我哥哥打电话时,他正在看印度电影《摔跤吧!爸爸》。答案:D

(2)shine (shone,shone)此处用作不及物动词,意思为 “照耀,发光”。

The sun is shining and it's very warm.阳光照耀着,天气很暖和。

  • clear此处用作形容词, 意为“晴朗的”。另外,clear作形容词时,还可意为“清澈的;清晰的”。

We can see the tower on the island on a clear day.在晴朗的日子里我们能看到岛上的塔。

The water in the lake is clear.湖中的水很清澈。

Miss White has a clear head.怀特小姐头脑清晰。

(4)sky名词, 意为“天,天空”。in the sky意为“在天空中”。

There isn't a cloud in the sky.天空晴朗无云。

4 .There was a lot of traffic on the way and the journey was a little boring.路上交通很拥挤,旅途有点乏味。(教材第32页)

(1)traffic此处用作不可数名词, 意为“交通;路上行驶的车辆”。

There is heavy taffi on the roads at this time of the day.一天中的这个时间路上交通很拥堵。

The traffic was light on the way.路上车辆很少。

  • on the way意为“在路上” 。表示"在去某地的路上”用on the/one's way to..

Tom was on his way to school.汤姆在去上学的路上。

注意

on the/one's way后接home,e, here, there等表示地点的副词时,要省略介词to。

on my way home在我回家的路上

  • journey可数名词, 意为“旅行,旅程”,尤其指 长途旅行。the journey to... ....的旅行”,goon a journey"作长途旅行”。

I enjoyed my journey to China.我喜欢这次中国之旅。

We are going on a journey to a strange country.我们将要去一个陌生国家旅行。

(4) a little意为“有点: 稍微”:修饰形容词或副词等。此时,a little与a bit意思相同。

It is a bit/a little cold today今天有点儿冷。

拓展

①修饰不可数名词,意为“少量的:一些” 。此时a bit of.

There is a bit of juice in the bottle .瓶子里有少许果汁。

②a little修饰形容词或副词的比较级,意为“稍微”。

My brother is a little taller than me我哥比我稍微高一点儿。

5.We finally arrived at the park我们终于到达了公园。(教材第 32页)  

(1)inally副词, 意为“最后”相当于at last或in the end。

Finally, we arrived at the bus station.最后,我们到达了公共汽车站。

(2 )arrive不及物动词,意为“到达”。表示到达较小的地方用arrive at;表示到达较大的地方用arrive in。arrive 后跟地点副词here, there, home等时,不用介词。

When did they arrive?他们是什么时候到的?

We are arriving at the small village at two o clock.我们将在两点钟到达那个小村庄。

My cousin arrived in Shanghai yesterday.我表妹昨天到了上海。

6.All of us couldn't wait to get off the bus.我们所有人都迫不及待地下了公共汽车。第32页)  

(1)can't wait to do sth.意为“迫不及待地做某事。

We can't wait to see the film.我们迫不及待想看这部电影。

(2)get off意为“下车( 飞机等)”,与get on (上车、飞机等)意思相对。

Don't get off the bus until it stops.直到公共汽车停下来才下车。

I’ll get of at he next station. 我要在下一站下车。

(拓展]时的其他常见短语

get back返回;     get..back把....拿回        get down下来

get out出来;拿出来  get to到达

get ready for sth 为....做准备

get on with sb 与某人相处

7.Soon the whole world was there in front of us!很快整个世界展现在了我们面前! (教材第32页)

(1)whole  此处用作形容词,意为“整个的,全部的”。whole通常修饰单数可数名词,但当复数名词前有具体的基数词时,也可用whole来修饰,但whole位于基数词之后。

The child ate a whole apple.那个孩子吃了整整一个苹果。

It rained for three whole days.雨下了整整三天。

辨析: whole与all

whole与all都可用作形容词,修饰名词。

whole  整个的, 全部的 , 通常修饰表示整体意义的单数可数名词,冠词、名词所有格或形容词性物主代词等要放在whole之前

all  所有的;全部的, 通常修饰不可数名词或复数名词,冠词、名词所有格或形容词性物主代词等要放在all之后

The whole class全班同学

his whole life他的整个人生

all my teachers我所有的老师

all the water in the lake湖中所有的水

注意:

在句中修饰名词时,有时whole与all可以互相转换,但要注意定冠词等限定词位置的变化。

the whole winter= all thew inter

(2)辨析: in front of与in the front of

两者都表示“.......前面”,但指代的位置关系不同。

in front of

 

表示一者在另一者的前面,两者之间不存在相容关系,是一种外部相对位置的关系
in the front of 表示一者在另一者内部的前面,两者存在位置 上的相容关系,是一种内部相对位置的关系

8 .There are models of more than a hundred places of interest from all over the world.那里有100多个世界各地景点的模型。( 教材第32页)

(1)place of interest  意为“景点”。

There' re many places of interest in China,中国有许多景点。

(2) interest  此处用作名词,意为“令人感兴趣的事(或人) ,兴趣”。have an interest in sth."对某事物有兴趣”,take an interest in sth."对某事物产生兴趣”。

The boys have an interest in English.这些男孩对英语有兴趣。

[拓展] interest 还可用作及物动词,意为“使感兴趣”。

The book interests me much.这本书使我很感兴趣。

9 .We became very excited when we saw the model Eiffel Tower.当我们看到埃菲尔铁塔模型的时候,我们变得很兴奋。( 教材第32页)

(1 )become  此处用作连系动词,意为“开始变得;变成”,其后通常跟形容词、名词作表语。

The trees become green in spring.天树变绿了。

I want to become a teacher when I grow up.我长大后想当一名老师。

(2) excited  形容词,意为“兴奋的,激动的”,常在句中作表语,用来说明人。Be excited at/about"对---感到兴奋" , be excited to do sth.“对做某事感到兴奋”

The children are excited about the holiday.孩子们对假期兴奋不已。

I'm excited to pass the exam.通过了考试我很兴奋。

  1. I couldn't believe my eyes.我简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。(教材第32 页)

not believe one's eyes  意为“不相信自己的眼睛,非常惊讶”。

I couldn't believe my eyes when she walked in.她走进来时我简直不相信自己的眼睛。

[拓展] not believe one's ears 意为“不相信自己的耳朵”,表示对所听的事很吃惊。

11.It was an amazing day because we saw the main sights of the world in just one day.这是令人惊奇的一天,因为我们在仅仅一天之内就看到了世界上的主要名胜。( 教材第32页)

(1)main此处用作形容词, 意为“主要的”,常在名词前作定语。

You must be careful when crossing the main road.你过大马路时一定要小心点儿。

  • sights名词 sight的复数形式,意为“名胜,风景  。the sights of..意为....的风景”。

We're going to Paris to see the sights.我们打算去巴黎参观名胜。

12.The song and dance shows were also wonderful.歌舞表演也很精彩。(教材第32页)

(1)show此处用作可数名词, 意为“表演;节目”。

You will see an animal show next.接下来你们将看到一场动物表演。

(2 )辨析: also, too, as well与either

also, too, as well与either都可表示“也”,但用法不同。

also 较正式,通常放在行为动词前,连系动词be、情态动词或助动词之后,不用于句末,常用于肯定句中 He also wants to go.他也想去。
too 多用于口语中,位置通

常在肯定句句末,其前通常用逗号隔开

I'm a boy, too.  我也是个男孩。
as well

 

多用于口语中,常用于肯定句句末,其前通常不用逗号隔开  
either 用于否定句句末。在肯定句变成否定句时,其中的also,too, as well,都要变成either He doesn't want to go either. 他也不想去。

13.Linda and Kitty went to the World Park by themselves.琳达和基蒂自己去了世界公园。

(教材第34页)

by oneself意为“独立地,独自",相当于alone或on one's own。

Tom went 10 Hainan by himself yesterday.

Tom went to Hainan alone yesterday.昨天汤姆独自去了海南。

中考。链接

---Your uncle is very good at cooking! How did he learn it?

----He learned it by________.

  1. him        B. himself         C.her           D.herself

解析:我们可用“固定搭配法”和“联系上下文法”解答此题。learn sth. by oneself意为“自学....”  ;且该句的主语是he,故用he的反身代词himself,应选B。句意:“你叔叔很擅长烹饪!他是怎么学的?”“他是自学的。”答案:B

14.Linda did not enjoy the day very much.琳达那天玩得不是很开心。(教材第34页)

enjoy及物动词,意为“喜欢; 享受...的乐趣;欣赏”,后常接名词、代词或动词ing;形式作宾语。A lot of people enjoyed the sun on the beach.许多人在海滩上享受阳光。

I enjoy watching English films.我喜欢看英文电影。

15 The model Golden Gate Bridge looked just like the real one in the USA.金门大桥模型看起来就像美国的真桥。  (教材第34页)

look like  意为“看起来像.....”like此处用作介词,意为“像”,后接名词或代词作宾语。类似的短语还有: sound like听起来像.. feel like摸起来.... seem like好像......

She looks like her mother.她看起来像她的母亲。

The mountain looks like a woman with a child on her back.这座山看起来像一一个背着孩子的妇女。

16.... there was too much (3) traffic on the way. ....在路上有太多(3)车辆。(教材第34页)

辨析: too much, too many与much too

too much太 多  修饰不可数名词,且位于其前

I have too much work to do我有太多工作要做

修饰动词, 且位于其后

He is fat because he eats too much.他很胖因为他吃得太多.

too many太 多  修饰可数名词复数

There were too many people in the shop.

much too  太  修饰形容词或副词

The watch is much too expensive 这手表太贵了

 

16.I was amazing to see the (7) main sights of the world in a day...在一天之内看到世界的(7)主要名胜非常神奇..... (教材第34页)

It+be+形容词+动词不定式(短语)意为“做某事是...的”。it 作形式主语,句子的真正主语是后面的动词不定式(短语)。

It's boring to read such books.读这样的书很无聊。

It's important to go to bed early and get up early.早睡早起很重要。

17.Did you take any photos, Daniel?丹尼尔,你拍照片了吗? (教材第34页)

辨析:any与some

some与any都可以修饰可数名词或不可数名词,但用法不同。

Any 常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句,也可以用于肯定句,意为“任何的”

Some  常用于肯定句

Are there any students in the classroom?教室里有一些学生吗?

There isn't any water in the cup.杯子里没有水。

If you have any question, you can come to ask me.你如果有任何问题,可以来问我。

You can borrow any book from the library.

你可以从图书馆借任意一本书

There are some books in my schoolbag.我的书包里有一些书。

I need some money to buy the coat.我需要一些钱来买外套。

注意

在表示请求或建议的疑问句中,用而不用any。

Would you like to have some bread?你想要吃一些面包吗?

Grammar

1.The bus is as comfortable ass (comfortable) those in the USA.这辆公共汽车和美国的公共汽车一样舒适(舒适的)  , (教材第35页)

that或those表示代替  在句子中,为了避免重复,我们可以用that或those指代上文提到的名词。that 指代单数的人/物或不可数名词,those   指代复数的人或物。

The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai in winter.在冬天,北京的天气要比上海的(天气)冷。

The books on the desk are newer than those in my schoolbag,书桌上的那些书比我书包里的那些(书)新。

2.Simon is trying to pull (2) himself up the rocks.西蒙正尽力把(2)他自己往岩石上移动。(教材第36页)

(1)try to do sth.  意为“尽力做某事”,try not to do sth.意为“尽量不要做某事”。

The monkeys tried to open the box.那些猴子尽力打开那个箱子。

Try not to eat too much junk food.尽量不要吃太多垃圾食品。

[拓展]  try doing sth.意为“尝试做某事”,只是-种尝试。

I tried knocking at the back door, but nobody answered.我试着敲了敲后门,但没有人应答。

(2)pull此处用作及物动词, 意为“拉,拖,移动”。

pull sth. out of...“ 把某物......里拉出来”,pull oneself“用力移动身体”。

Tom tried his best to pull the boat out of the river.汤姆尽全力把小船从河里拉了出来。

He pulled himself free.他脱身了。

3.Luckily, some climbers helped Simon.幸运的是,一些登山者帮助了西蒙。(教材第36页)

  • luckily副词, 意为“幸好,幸运的是”,其形容词形式为lucky (幸运的)。luckily 常位于句子开头作状语,其反义词是unluckily,意为“不幸地”。

Luckily, I didn't hurt myself.幸运的是,我没有伤到自己。

Last Saturday, I got to the station late because of the heavy traffic,but______ the train was still there.

  1. exactly           B. mostly           C. luckily             D. slowly

解析:我们可用“句意分析法”解答此题。exactly“确切地”; mostly“主要地,大部分地”; luckily"幸运的是”; slowly“慢地”。由前半句句意“上周六由于交通拥挤,我晚到了车站”和后半句句意“但是 火车仍然在那儿”可知此处应表示“幸运的是”,故选C。  答案:C

(2)climber可数名词, 意为“登山者,攀爬者”,

由“动词climb (爬) +er”构成。Tom is a good mountain climber.汤姆是一名好的登山者。

  1. You're lucky you didn't hurt (3) yourself!你太幸运了,没有伤到(3)你自己! (教材第36页)  hurt此处用作及物动词, 意为“伤害;使受伤;损害;使痛心”。常指精神上、感情上或肉体上的伤害,含有“强烈的疼痛”之意。

The little boy fell off the tree and hurt himself seriously.这个小男孩从树上掉了下来,伤得很重。That will hurt her feelings.那将会伤害她的感情。

[拓展] hurt 还可用作不及物动词,意为“疼痛”

Does your right leg still hurt badly?你的右腿仍然疼得厉害吗?

⑤Simon and Linda looked at each other.西蒙和琳达相互对视。( 教材第36页)

each other意为“彼此,相互”,与one another同义。

We should help each other and learn from each other.我们应当互相帮助,互相学习。

Do you know each other?你们彼此认识吗?

Integrated skills

1 .Our school basketball team needs your support!我们学校篮球队需要你们的支持!(教材第37页)

support  此处用作不可数名词,意为“支持”。support for... “对.....的支持”,support of...“来....的支持”,with one's support“在某人的支持下",without one's support"没有某人的支持”,in support of sb. /sth."支持某人/某事”。There is no support for the war.没有人支持战争。

We couldn't win the match without your support.没有你们的支持我们不能赢得这场比赛。

She spoke in support of Tom's plan.她发言支持汤姆的计划。

[拓展]support还可用作及物动词,意为“支持;赞成,供养”

I hope you can support me in this! 我希望你能在这一点上支持我!

I have my wife and two children to support.我要养活妻子和两个孩子。

2.It is in the final of the basketball competition!球队进入篮球比赛的决赛! (教材第37页)

final此处用作可数名词, 意为“决赛”。Simon got to the tennis final.西蒙进入了网球决赛。

[拓展] final 还可用作形容词,意为“最后的,最终的”,常在名词前作定语。

This is the final unit of the book.这是这本书的最后一个单元。

3.The match takes place on...比赛在...行。(教材第37页)

take place  此处意为“进行,举行”。

The school sports meeting will take place tomorrow.学校运动会将于明天举行。

辨析: take place与happen

两者都可意为“发生",都是非延续性动词(短语),不能与表示一.段时间的状语连用。 两者都不能接宾语。它们也有区别,具体如下:

take place一般指非偶然事件的“发生”,即这种事情的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排happen-般用 于偶然或突发性事件

Great changes will take place in our hometown.我们家乡将发生很大的变化。

Another earthquake happened there this year.今年那里又发生了一次地震。

4.Come and cheer for our team!快来为我们队加油吧! (教材第37页)

cheer  此处用作不及物动词,意为“欢呼,喝彩”。

Let's cheer for the winners!我们为获胜者喝彩吧!

The fans are cheering their favourite team on.球迷们正在为他们最喜欢的球队加油。

We tried to cheer him up.我们尽力使他高兴起来。

[拓展] cheer还可用作可数名词,意为“欢呼声,喝彩声”。

A great cheer went up from the crowd.人群中爆发出巨大的欢呼声。

  1. Don't forget to bring your friends! 不要忘记带上你们的朋友(前来观看) ! (教材第37页)

辨析: forget to do sth.与forget doing sth.

Forget to do sth.意为 “忘记要做某事”,指事情未做

forget doing sth.意为“忘记做过某事”,指事情已做

Don't forget to see the doctor.别忘了去看医生。

I forget meeting him in the street.我忘了曾在街上遇到过他。

6.Reach the sports Centre.到达体育中心。(教材第37页)

辨析:reach, arrive与get 都可表示“到达”.但用法不同。

reach及物动词  其后直接跟地点名词作宾语,一般不接地点副词

arrive不及物动词  后跟宾语时,用,表示到达国家、大常与in大城市等大或at连地点时,要用介词in;到达村、镇、车站、机场等小地地点时,要用介词at

get不及物动词  其后须先接介词to,再接地点名词,多用于口语中。若接地点副词,则不用介词to

He reached Shanghai last month.他上个月到达了上海。

The American students arrived in Beijing yesterday.那些美国学生昨天到达了北京。

We can arrive at the train station at two o'clock.我们能在两点钟抵达火车站。

Write to me when you get to Chongqing.到了重庆给我写信。

I usually get home at half past five in the after-noon.我通常在下午5点半到家。

注意

reach, arrive与get 句中可灵活运用或替换。都可表示“到达”,在

他们昨天上午到达了北京。

他们昨天上午到达了北京。

They arrived in/got to/reached Beijing yesterday morning.

中考●链接

根据句意及英文解释,写出句中所缺单词,每空限填词。

I will send you a text message when I( arrive at ) the hotel.

解析:我们可用“词义辨析法”解答此题。arrive at意为“到达”,后接小地点,可与get to,reach换用;因题目要求限填一词,故填reach。  答案: reach

7.cost of the trip旅行费用(教材第37页)

cost  此处用作名词,意为“费用;价钱”。The cost of..意为...的费用”。

The Cost of living now is much higher than before.现在的生活费用比以前高多了。

少钱) ;花(多少钱)”cost.的主语通常是物。

The bike costs 800 yuan..“意为“费某人多少钱”。。这辆自行车价值800元。

8.Half-time is a 20-minute period for the players to rest.中场休息是供运动员休息的一

段20分钟的时间。(教材第 38页)

(1)20-minute复合形容词,意为“20分钟的”。  在英语中,由“数词+名词(+形容词)”构成  的复合形容词,通常在句中作定语,修饰名词。

women's 400-metre race女子400米赛跑

an eight-year-old boy一个八岁的男孩

(2)rest此处用作不及物动词,意为“休息,歇息”

Some visitors are resting under the tree.一些游客正在树下休息。

[拓展]rest还可用作名词,意为“休息”  。have/take a rest意为“休息一下”。

I'm tired and I want to have a rest.我累了,想休息一一下。

  1. The match will finish before noon.比赛将于中午之前结束。(教材第38页)

before  此处用作介词,意为“....之前”,表示时间,后跟名词或动名词。与before相对的词是after意为....之后”

I usually run for exercise before breakfast.早饭之前我通常跑步锻炼。

I must visit him before getting home.到家前我必须去看望他。

[拓展] before 与after也可用作连词,引导时间状语从句,表示两个动作的先后顺序。

Wash your hands before you eat.吃东西之前要洗洗你的手。

They went home after they finished their work.他们完成工作之后就回家了。

  1. I don't think that's a good idea.我认为那不是一个好主意。(教材第38页)

否定前移  这是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句。在英语中,当主句主语为第一. 人称且时态为一般现在时,think, believe 等动词后的宾语从句为否定意义时,要将否定转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定形式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定形式,这种语法现象就是“否定前移”。翻译成汉语时,要注意将否定的意义还原到从句中去。

I don't think that Jenny will come to his party.我认为珍妮不会来参加他的聚会。

I don't think he is right.我认为他是不对的。

  1. That sounds goo...听起来不错... (教材第38页)

sound  此处用作连系动词,意为“听起来”,后面常接形容词作表语,有时也可接介词like The story sounds boring.这个故事听起来很无聊。

That sounds like a good idea..那听起来像个好主意。

[拓展] sound也可用作名词,意为“声音”,指自?然界中所有的声音,可以是悦耳的声音,也可以是噪音。

Light travels faster than sound.光比声音传播得快。;

中考.链接---Do you like having food with music?- --Yes. I like soft music. It ______ nice.

  1. tastes         B. looks            C. smells       D. sounds

解析:我们可用“常识法”解答此题。taste“有....味道”;look“看起来”;smell“......气味”; sound“听起来”。答题空前的it指代soft music (轻柔的音乐),由常识知音乐应是“听起来”美妙,故选D。答案:D

12.Why don't we go to the China Science and Technology Museum?我们为什么不去中国科学技术博物馆呢? (教材第38页)

Why don't we/you do...是一 个提建议的句型,意为“我们/你(们)为什么不做....呢?”,相当于“Why not do...?”回答时常用“Great. /All right. 1 That's a good idea. /Good idea.”等表示赞同。

It's hot. Why don't we go swimming?=It's hot.Why not go swimming?天气很热,我们为何不去游泳呢?-

Why don't you go with us?你为什么不和我们一起去呢?All right. 好吧。

  1. It's free for groups of 30 or more students.它向30或30人以上的学生团体免费(开放)。(教材第38页)

free  此处用作形容词,意为“免费的",可作定语或表语。

There's some free food in the restaurant.这家饭店有一些免费的食物。

Most museums are free for students in China.在中国,大多数博物馆对学生免费开放。

Task

1.We hope you can join us.我们希望你能加入我们。(教材第40页)

hope  此处用作及物动词,后可接that从句,that 通常省略。

I hope ( that ) you will win the match.我希望你会赢得这场比赛。

We hope ( that ) Mr Wang can come to the English party.我们希望王老师能到英语聚会上来。

[拓展]

①hope后可跟动词不定式作宾语, hope to do sth.意为“希望做某事”。

I hope to become a writer.我希望成为一名作家。

②hope还可用作名词,意为“希望。

Don't give up hope. You will succeed if you work hard.不要放弃希望。你如果努力学习,就会成功的。

辨析  hope与wish

①hope表示实现某一愿望有把握或有信心,

后接动词不定式或从句。hope 后不能接动词不定式作宾语补足语,即hope sb. to do sth.(x)。hope可用作名词。

I hope (that) it will be sunny tomorrow.我希望明天天气晴朗。

②wish表示愿望实现的可能性不大,它可以跟动词不定式或that从句作宾语,但不能接动名词。wish后可跟动词不定式作宾补,即wish sb. to do sth.“希望某人做某事”。wish也可以用作名词,常表示祝愿。

I wish you success.我祝你成功。

I wish you to go to Beijing with me.我希望你能跟我一起去北京。

Here is a card for you with my best wishes.这张卡片给你,有我最衷心的祝福。”

 

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