初中语法复习之形容词、副词

中考语法形容词/副词

1. 一. 形容词
2. 定义：形容词是用来修饰名词和代词，表示人和或事物的性质、特征、状态或属性的词。
3. 用法

①adj.+n.   形容词修饰名词。如：a nice day

②系动词+ adj.  形容词作表语 有：一be, 二保持keep, stay三变become, turn get, 五个感官look, smell, feel,sound, taste, 等。

③keep/make+宾语+adj. 作宾语补足语 以及作宾补的介词短语：with+宾语+adj.

3. 与形容词的相关考点：不定代词的用法

something, somebody, someone通常用于肯定句;anything, anyone, anybody通常用于否定句﹑一般疑问句或条件状语从句中。在肯定句中anything表示任何事物，常与everything放在一起做辨析。

①不定代词+adj. 作后置定语修饰不定代词 例如There is nothing wrong with my computer.

②不定代词+to do不定式 to do不定式作后置定语修饰不定代词。

二、副词：副词时用来修饰动词和形容词的程度。

1.形容词变副词的规律

① 一般情况下直接加“ly”

② 中考中以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly的，只有一个true-truly

绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly。如：

③以“y”结尾的，且读音为 / i /， 先将“y”改成“i”，再加“ly”

但是如果读音为 / ai /， 直接加ly，如：dry-dryly        shy---shyly

④  以辅音字母加le结尾时，去e加y

2.频度副词

频度副词never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always从不，很少，有时，经常，通常，总是。这些词都是表示频率的词，一般在句中作状语。它们所对应的百分比见下表：

 

三、难点：

1.有些形容词和副词形式一样，但是用法却完全不同。比如hard（难的）和hard（努力地）

2.副词具有两种形式的，一种表示抽象概念，另外一种表示具体概念。如wide和widely

3.有些以ly结尾的单词并不是副词，而是形容词，如friendly。这种形容词同时是名词+ly的形式。

4.有些形容词的ly形式并不是其副词形式。比如hard和hardly

近三年模拟题形容词总结

2016年一模题组
【2016年 溧水一模】	curious	interested in anything new
【2016年 高淳一模】	early	avoid the heavy traffic tomorrow morning
【2016年 建邺一模】	completely forgot Mr. John’s project	be very angry
【2016年 联合体一模】	modest	never shows off.
【2016年 联合体一模】	seldom	He often goes on business in Canada
【2016年 江宁一模】	interested /interesting/bored/boring	want to read them again
【2016年 六合一模】	friendly	has a smile on her face
【2016年 秦淮一模】	impossible	we try our best to make it
2017年一模题组
【2017年 溧水一模】	speak slowly	read your mouth more easily and understand better
【2017年 建邺一模】	happen suddenly	know some ways to protect yourselves
【2017年 联合体一模】	hardly understand English films	does well in her written English
【2017年 江宁一模】	had exactly one minute to complete the special task	no more and no less
【2017年 江宁一模】	confident enough	to take on any challenge
【2017年 秦淮一模】	simply lie on the beach	enjoy all the water sports
【2017年 玄武一模】	clapped hands excitedly	saw their favourite pop stars come in
2018年一模题组
【2018年 建邺一模】	have more meaningful things to do	a waste of time to play phone games
【2018年 联合体一模】	make yourself valuable	doesn’t want to lose you
【2018年 玄武一模】	Community safety is specially introduced	Very useful
【2018年 鼓楼一模】	walk a little more slowly	thought you could follow me

 

四、真题考点归纳

1. 题干中出现了Have you found it  to read these English stories

主谓宾宾补结构

2. 并列句的连词：and，but，or。题干中常常涉及到句子之间的转折、并列和选择关系，因此需要在这些方面下功夫
3. 涉及到的句型有

too...to, enough...to, it’s adj+to do sth

Find it +adj, make it +adj,

4.考察的单词中，有易混淆的interested/interesting,widely/wide, closely/close, hardly/hard, 有些加强语气的，completely，exactly，simply，还有些积极的meaningful，valuable，polite，modest，curious，friendly，confident

词组积累： in China’s scientific and technological development

2016年一模真题组

 

【2016溧水一模】1. —What do you think of Jane?

—She’s a        girl and always interested in anything new.

1. curious B. modest C. energetic D.organized

考点：形容词辨析A

【2016高淳一模】2. We will have to leave _______ to avoid the heavy traffic tomorrow morning.

1. early B. quietly C. slowly D.politely

考点：副词A

【2016建邺一模】3. — Jack, you look worried. What happened?

— I _____ forgot Mr. John’s project and I’m afraid he’ll be very angry.

1. successfully completely C. smoothly D. peacefully

考点：副词B

【2016联合体一模】4. —Millie does well in her lessons. But she never shows off.

—I can’t agree more. She is quite       .

1. modest B. modern C. gentle D. polite

考点：形容词辨析A

【2016联合体一模】5. —Have you ever seen Tom recently?

—      . He often goes on business in Canada.

1. Seldom B. Usually C. Always D. Often

考点：频率副词A

【2016江宁一模】6. —Have you found it          to read these English stories?

—Yes, I want to read them again if I have time.

1. interested interesting C. bored D. Boring

考点：形容词辨析B

【2016六合一模】7. —What do you think of your English teacher, Tim?

—I love her. She is really         . She always has a smile on her face.

1. humorous      B. funny      C. friendly D. serious

考点：形容词词义辨析C

【2016秦淮一模】8. On March 29^th , the Chinese football team managed to win an important match. Their success shows nothing is ________ if we try our best to make it.

1. impossible       B. helpless          C. possible           D. helpful

考点：形容词词义辨析A

 

2017年一模真题组

 

【2017年 玄武一模】1. The fans in the hall clapped hands ________ when they saw their favourite pop stars come in.

1. excited             B. excitedly          C. exciting           D. excitingly

答案 B  形容词副词

【2017年 建邺一模】2. Earthquakes always happen ______ so you should know some ways to protect yourselves once they come.

1. silently    B. hopefully      C. suddenly D. carelessly

答案 C 副词辨析

【2017年 江宁一模】3. —John is so excited. Did he win the competition?

—Yes. He had _________ one minute to complete the special task, no more and no less.

1. especially   B. probably   C. exactly   D. hardly

 答案 C 副词辨析

【2017年 江宁一模】4. You may meet many difficulties in the future. You should learn to be _________ enough to take on any challenge.

1. confident B. modest C. generous D. curious

答案 A 形容词辨析

【2017年 联合体一模】5. Linda always does well in her written English, but she can         _____understand English films.

1. usually B. hardly C. easily D. already

答案 B  副词辨析

【2017年 秦淮一模】6. In Sanya, you can enjoy all the water sports, or ______ lie on the beach.

1. simply      B. hardly       C. nearly       D. especially

【答案】A

【解析】句意理解和单词识记。在三亚，你可以享受所有水上运动，或者仅仅是简单地躺在沙滩上。A. simply简单地；B. hardly频率副词，几乎不； C. nearly 接近 D. especially 尤其。

 

【2017年 溧水一模】7. Please speak __________ to those children with hearing problems so that they can read your mouth more easily and understand better.

1. happily          B. politely C.quietly D. slowly

答案 D 副词辨析

 

2018年一模真题组

【2018年 鼓楼一模】1.—Dad, would you please walk a little more__ ?

—Sorry. I thought you could follow me.

1. closely quickly C. quietly D. slowly

 答案 D 副词

【2018年 建邺一模】2. —It is really a waste of time to play phone games.

 

—Exactly! As a teenager, we have more      things to do .

 

1. careful B. successful C.meaningful D. peaceful

 

答案 C

【2018年 联合体一模】3. —Mom, I’ve just got a new job in a big company.

—Congratulations! Try to make yourself _______ so that the company doesn’t want to lose you.

1. valuable B. comfortable C. fashionable D. strong

答案 A

【2018年 玄武一模】4. — How do you like the book?

— Very useful. Community safety is _______ introduced in it.

1. probably hardly C. usually D. specially

答案 D