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中考英语知识点整理--语法
语法： 时态问题 (01)
1.记住与各时态相关的“特征词”．
2.表示“将来”的几种形式及基本区别：
shall will be going to +动词原形 be to do sth.
be +coming (leaving, starting, reaching, returning…. be about to do sth.
3.用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的表达：
A. should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时态
B. was / were going to do sth.（用过去将来时态表示原打算做什么．）
C. was / were going to have done sth. 表示未完成原来的计划和安排．
D. expect , intend , hope , mean , plan , promise , suppose , think , want , wish．．．常用过去完成时态在这些词后接宾语从句或者接不定式的一般形式；或者用一般过去时态后面接不定式的完成形式表示过去未曾实现的愿望．
- wish that …had done sth.表示过去未曾实现的愿望
F.情态动词should ,would, could, might, ought to等后接不定式的完成时，表示过去本该做，打算做，想做而未做的事情．
G. had better / would rather + 不定式的完成时，表示一种过去的愿望．常译为“当初最好／当初真该．．．．”
II. 句型复习：
1. would (should) you like to do sth. should love to do man as … such interesting books that … such rapid sth.
feel like doing sth. would like to do sth. would like sb. to do sth.
such a diligent man that … so diligent a man that … such a diligent progress that … so many (few) people that …
so much (little) money that … so diligent (fast) that…
diligent (fast) enough to do sth.
so lazy (slowly) that he cannot …
too lazy (slowly) to do sth.
III.词汇：
- 常用动词用法 (01)
agree - agree with + sb. / sb.’s opinion / what …同意某人意见
sth. agree with sb. 适合
sth. agree with sth. 相一致，相符，和谐
agree on (upon) sth. 就．．．取得一致的意见
agree with sb. on sth. 在．．．方面同意或意见一致
agree to do sth. 愿意（同意）做．．．
agree that….同意．．．是事实或应当如何
注释：该词一般作为不及物动词用．表示“同意”时有三种表达法，with ①后接“人”
②具体的观点和看法：opinion, plan, idea等；
③what引导的从句．
作及物动词用时，① agree to do sth. 愿意做．．．
②agree that …同意．．．是事实或应当如何
- 短语记忆：
according to 根据 a lot of/lots of 许多 add up to 加起来
a few 一些 again and again 一再，多次 a great deal 许多
all kinds of 各种各样的 a little 一些 a kind of 一种…
after all 毕竟
C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：
absorb vt. accept vt. accompany vt. account v.
act v. adapt v. add v. admit v. advance v. advise vt. afford vt. aim v. answer v. achieve vt. adopt vt. allow v.
语法： 时态问题 (02)
4. 完成时态中瞬间动词的处理方法：
A. 不合表示一段时间的时间状语连用． B. 将瞬间动词变成状态动词．
C. 换用句型．It is….. since …did…
5. 复合句中的时态问题：
A.主句是现在时态，从句可是任意时态．
B.主句是将来时态，条件状语从句中只能用现在时态．
C.主句是过去时态，从句只能是过去的时态．
6. 情景中的时态问题．
这是近几年高考中时态考察的重点．关键是要对所提供的情景进行仔细认真的分析 善于找到判断时态的依据．
- 句型复习：
What’s wrong (the matter, the trouble) with …?
Is there anything wrong (the matter ) with …?
There is something (nothing ) wrong (the matter) with…?
Something (Nothing ) is wrong (the matter) with…?
in order that…may (might, can, could,…) …
so that…can (could, may, might…) …; so as to (in order to) do sth.
do (try) one’s best to do sth. do what (everything, all) you can do sth.
what he said… all that he said…
III. 词汇 A. 常用动词用法 (02)
look link-v look + adj. (过去分词，名词，介词短语，)看起来，
look about 四周打量 look about for 四处寻找 look ahead 预测未来
look like 看起来像 look as if 看起来好像 look well 看起来不错
look sb. up and down 上下打量某 look at 看，望，看待
look after 照看，照管，照顾，负责处理
look back on 回顾， look down upon (on) 看不起，蔑视
look for找寻，自找（麻烦），
look forward to盼望，希望；预计会有; look in作短时间的访晤（参观），
look in on拜望，顺便来看望 look into调查，了解，研究
look on旁观，在旁边看 look on … as…把．．．看作
look out 查找，找出；当心，注意 look out for 当心，提防；找寻，注意；
look over 翻阅，审读；复习 look round 审视，到处看看；回头望
look through 翻阅，查看；读一遍 look to 照顾，注意，负责
look up查出，了解；看望，拜访 look up and down 上下打量
- 短语记忆：
and so on 等等 a number of 许多
a set of 一套… as a result 结果
as well as 也 at any time 任何时候
at first 首先 at least 至少
at once 立即 at the beginning of 开头，开初
C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：
appear vi. apply v. appoint vt. appreciate vt. approach v. approve v. arrange v. assign vt. attack v. attain vt. attemp t vt. attend v.
avoid vt. belong vi. bend v. blow v.
考前知识清理03
I.语法： 定语从句
1.引导词的功能：Ａ. 引导定语从句
Ｂ. 代替先行词在定语从句中充当某一句子成分．
2.引导定语从句的连词用法：
连 词 主 句 中 先 行 词 是 在 从 句 中 充 当 的 成 分 是
who 人 主语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人或物 定语(该词后要跟名词)
that 人或物 主语，宾语，表语
which 物 主语，宾语(还可以引导非限制性定语从句)
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 (=介词 + which )
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 (=介词 + which )
why reason 原因状语 (= for which )
as 在限制性定语从句中常和such…as，the same…as
等句型连用.在非限制性定语从句中，可以代替主句中的某一
成分或整个句子的意义．
- way 后面的定语从句可由in which , that 引导，或者什么都不要．
4. that 在使用中的特殊要求．
5. 限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别． - as 与which在引导非限制性定语从句的三点区别;as常和know, see, understand, expect等词连用；可位于句首；常译为：正如．．．．
II. 句型复习：
1. would rather (not) do sth; would rather do sth. than do sth.
would rather sb. did (had done) sth; prefer sth. to sth. else
prefer doing sth. to doing sth. else; prefer to do sth. rather than do sth; insist on doing sth. rather than do sth.
2. No matter what (whatever) he does…; No matter how (However) difficult it is…
3. to one’s surprise (delight,satisfaction,disappointment, joy) What surprises (delights, satisfies, disappoints, pleases) one is…
III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (03)
appear vi. link-v. = seem 似乎, 显得
appear to do sth. appear + adj. appear + done
appear + sth. It appear that….
B. 短语记忆：
at the edge of 在…边缘 at the end of 在…末尾 at the moment 此刻 at the same time 同时 a variety of 各种各样的 be annoyed at 生…的气
be busy with 忙于… be divided into 分成… be fit for 适合… be fond of 爱好
be full of充满… be grateful for 感谢
be interested in对…感兴趣; be known for因…出名 be made up of 由…组成
be satisfied with 对…满意
- 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：
bother v. build vt. buy vt cease v charge v. change v. check v. choose v. clear v. close v. collect v. commit vt.
compare v. concern vt. consider v. consist vi.
考前知识清理04 句型复习：
- It seems that sb. do sth. = sb. seems to do sth.
It happened that sb. do sth. = sb. happened to do sth.
It is said (reported) that sb. do sth.= sb. is said (reported) to do sth. - Half of the visitors are …
Half of the wood is …; Most of the teachers are…
Most of the water is …; The rest of the books are …
The rest of the money is …
One-fourth of the population in the world are Chinese.
The population of China is larger that that of any other
country in the world.
Three-fourths of the workers in the factory are men.
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is the sea.
A larger number of students are…
The number of the students in our school is…
- 词汇 A. 常用动词用法 (04)
make make sth. 做，制造 make sb. do sth. 使得．．．
make sb. (sth.) done make sb. (sth.) + adj.
make sb. (sth.) + n. make it + adj.(n.) + that．．．
make it + adj.(n.) + to do sth. make it + adj.(n.) + doing sth.
make a dash for 赶往．．．，冲向．．．
make a deal with 达成协议，做成交易
make a decision 作出规定
make a face = make faces 做鬼脸，做苦相
make a good effort 作很大的努力
make a record 录制唱片 make a plan for 为…作计划
make a note of注意;记下来
make an impression on 给．．留下（某种）印象，引人注目
make fun of 取笑，和．．．开玩笑，嘲笑
make ．．．into．．把．．．做成．．．；使成为，使变成
be made into．．．
be made from．．由．．．做的（化学变化）
be made of．．由．．．做的（物理变化）
make it按时到达某处,办事成功,约定时间,及时赶上（火车，轮船等）
make one’s living 维持生活 make progress 取得进步
make out 看清楚，看出，辨识；理解，明白；开（账单，收据等）进展；假装，装出, 把．．．说成是
make room (for) 让地方，让位置 make sense 有道理，好懂，有清楚的意思
make sense of 理解; make sure that．．.弄肯定，一定要做到；弄确切，弄清
make sure of make sure to do sth. 一定要做．．．
make ... to one’s own measure 依照某人的尺寸做
make up 创造，编造；弥补，把．．．补上；化妆，打扮
make up for 弥补; be made up of 有．．．组成（构成）
make up one’s mind to do sth. 打定主意，决定，决心
make use of 利用
B. 短语记忆：
be similar to 与…相同 be unfamiliar to 与…不熟悉
be used to V-ing 习惯于
because of因为; by hand手工做的; carry out 执行，进行
catch up ﹙with﹚赶上; clear off清除，跑开; compare…with与…比较; concentrate on聚精会神… consist of 包含; deal with 处理，对付
devote oneself to 献身于…; die out 绝种 divide…into 把分成
do harm to 伤害… draw a conclusion 得出结论
C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：
construct vt. continue v. contribute v. control vt. convince vt. cost vt. count v. cover vt. create vt. cross v. crowd v. cry v.
deal v. decide v. declare v. defend vt.
考前知识清理05
- 语法复习： 状语从句
引导时间状语的连词： after, as, before, once, since, till, until, when, whenever, while, as long as, as soon as, hardly(scarcely) … when, No sooner … than, the time (moment, instant, minute, day…)
备 注: 1.hardly, no sooner在句首，引导的从句要部分倒装．
2.since引导的从句注意看启动词是否是瞬间动词还是延续性动词．
3.when 引导的从句注意其特殊用法． 一些名词也可以引导时间状语从句．
引导地点状语的连词： where , wherever
备 注: 后者表示强调．
引导方式状语的连词： as, as if, as though,
备 注: as引导的方式状语从句多在句首．
引导原因状语的连词： because, since, as, now (that)
备注:语气一个比一个弱．for可以引导原因状语从句，但它只能位于句末．
引导结果状语的连词:so …that, such (a)… that, so that, that
备 注:so…that中的so在句首，主句要部分倒装．
引导目的状语的连词：so that, in order that, that, so,
备 注:so that 使用最普遍．
引导条件状语的连词： if , unless, in case , as long as,
备 注:注意分清if从句中是否该用虚拟语气．
引导让步状语的连词： though, although, even if, even though, as, in spite of the fact, while, no matter wh- ,
备 注:as 引导的让步状语从句要倒装．
II. 句型复习：
1. It is + 被强调部分 + that ...
在句型 1 中，将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后．被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语．强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用．如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子．这也是与其 它从句区别判断的方法．
- It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ...
句型2 主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以说是 not ... until ... 的强调形式
3. It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain....) that .....
句型3中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）＂ 是主语从句最常见的一种结构．
III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (05)
consider 考虑 consider that．．． consider what (how) to do sth. consider doing sth.
认为 consider that．．． consider sb. (sth.) + sb. (sth.) consider sb.+ adj.
把…看作是 consider sb. to be．．．
consider sb. + p.p.
consider sb.+ 介词短语
consider ... as 把（某人）看作 - 短语记忆：
either…or 既…又 for a moment 一会儿 for a while 一会儿 for example 例如
for instance 例如 from time to time 不时 hand over 递过去 in a hurry 匆忙
in case 万一 in front of 在…前面 in line 排队
in no mood 无心思(心情)
in other words 换言之 in spite of 尽管 instead of 代替
in the course of 在….期间(过程)
C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：
delay v. delight v. deliver vt. demand vt. deny vt. depend vi. deserve vt. design vt desire vt. destroy vt. determine vt. develop v.
devote vt. direct vt. discover vt. discuss vt.
考前知识清理06
- 语法复习： 主谓语一致 01
１。语法一致原则： 是根据主语的语法标记决定其谓语动词的单数、复数形式。主语为单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。例如：
２。意思一致原则： 是指主谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形式来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在涵义，一般有三种情况。
① 单数形式的主语，谓语动词用复数。
② 复数形式的主语，谓语动词用单数。
③ 同一词作主语，有时谓语动词用单数有时用复数。
３。就近一致原则： 即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
II. 句型复习：
4. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural...) that ...
句型4中，应该记住所列举的形容词，并且记住that 后的从句应用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去． - It is said (reported, learned....) that ...
句型5中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句．该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉．．．）”
III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (06)
come come to do sth.
【解析】该结构意为：“逐渐．．．”后面跟不定式表示作某事的
过程，所跟的动词常是：like, understand, realize, see，know．．．
come to + 名词 来到（某地）
come to + 数词 加起来，共计
come to + 名词 谈到，涉及到
come to 恢复知觉；苏醒过来
link-v.
come + adj. 变得，变成 come + p.p.
come to a conclusion 做出结论
come about 发生、产生，造成
come across （偶然）遇到，找到，想到
come to an end结束 come alone vi. 跟上去；快点；进行 come back回想起 come down vi.下降 come down from 从．．．传下来
come from 来自，是（某地的）人
come into being (existence)开始存在，建立，产生
come into effect (force)开始生效
come near (close) to doing sth. 差一点就．．．
come off 从．．．离开， 脱落
come on (upon) = come across
come out vi. 出来；出发、出版、出版；开花，发芽
come to 共计、达到 come true 变为现实，实现
come up 抬头、上来、上升,走过来，到来；提及，被提出；长出来
- 短语记忆：
in the distance 在远处 in the future 将来 just as 正如 lead to 导致
lose one’s nerves 害怕 no longer 不再 no more than同...一样不 not…at all 一点也不
not…either 也不 no only…but also 不但…而且 now and then不时
on board 在船/车上
once in a while 偶尔 on vacation度假
out of breath 上气不接下气 out of control 失控
C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：
engage v. enjoy vt. enter v. express vt. examine vt. excuse vt. exercise v. exist vi. expand v. expect vt. explain v. expose vt.
extend v. face v. fail v. fancy v.
考前知识清理07
- 语法复习:名词性从句 (主语从句,宾语从句, 表语从句, 同位语从句)
1.that 在引导名词性从句中的用法．
2.whether, if 在引导名词性从句中的用法区别．
3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别及判断．
4.what在引导名词性从句中的用法．
5.宾语从句中否定转移时应该注意的几个问题．
6.宾语从句中使用形式宾语it的问题及注意事项．
7.哪些表语形容词后可以跟从句．
最常用用连词用法辨析
what: 从句种类:主、宾、表语从句
功 用:在从句中充当主、宾、表同时在主句中充当主、宾、表语
that: 从句种类:主、宾、表、同位语、定、状
功 用:在名词性从句中引导从句，不充当成分，无词意；
定语从句中代替人或物，在从句中充当主、宾。表；
在状语从句中引导目的、结果状语从句
whether: 从句种类:主、宾、表、同位语
功 用:在从句中引导从句，不充当成分，有词意：“是否”
who: 从句种类: 主、宾、表、定
功 用:在从句中充当主语
which: 从句种类:主、宾、表、定
功用:在名词性从句中充当定语，词意为：“哪一个…”；
在定语从句中代替物，在从句中充当主、宾语，与介词
一起作状语
when: 从句种类:主、宾、表、同位语、定、状
功 用:在从句中作时间状语，词意为：“在何时”
Where: 从句种类: 主、宾、表、同位语、定、状
功 用:在从句中作地点状语，词意为：“在何处”
how:从句种类: 主、宾、表、同位语、状
功 用:在从句中作方式状语，词意为：“如何”
why: 从句种类: 主、宾、表、同位语、定
功 用:在从句中作原因状语，词意为：“为什么”
II. 句型复习：
6. It is suggested ( ordered ... ) that ...
句型6 中的过去分词应该是表示请求，建议，命令等词，that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省．常译为“据建议；有命令．．．）
III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (07)
need 需要 need sth; need to do sth; need doing
情态动词：用于否定句，疑问句（较少用于肯定句）
He needn’t go out for such a thing .
Need you buy this book ?
需要，必要（不可数）；需要的东西（可数）
a friend in need 患难之交 in need of 需要
- 短语记忆：
out of sight 看不见; over and over 再三; refer to意指，提交 since then 从那以后; right away 马上; run away 跑掉 run out 用完，耗尽;
side by side 肩并肩;
regard…as 把…当作…对待；认为…是…
C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：
distribute vt. disturb vt. double v. draw v. dress v. drive v. drop v. fetch vt. fight v. fill v. finish v. fire v.
fit v. fix v. fly v. follow v.
考前知识清理08
- 语法复习： 主谓语一致 02
１）主语是一个抽象概念（包括不定式、动名词和名词性从句 作主语），谓语动词用单数。
２）如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有：with , together with , as well as , no less than, rather than , like , but , besides , except , as much as, including , along with ...等引起的短语，谓语动词仍然用单数。
３）each , some , any , no , every 构成的复合代词；
one of +复数名词 , many a , more than one ( a )
等所修饰的词作主语，它们的谓语都用单数。
４） people , police, cattle 等词作主语通常用复数。
５） majority , population , class , family , group , team , crowd , audience , army , government, company , enemy 等集体名词，按意思一致原则，作为整体，看作单数；指其中一个一个成员，看作复数。
- 句型复习：
7. It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ...
句型７中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should以省去．表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”．没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气．
III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (08)take
take sth. 拿，取，带；吃，喝；占领，赢得；
take a look at 看一看 take a nap 小睡
take a taxi 打的 take a job 接受(工作)
take a bet 打赌 take a chance 碰碰运气，冒．．．风险
take a risk 冒风险 take a seat 坐下
take an interest in 对…有兴趣
take a photograph ( of ) 照一张相
be taken up with 忙于（某事）；喜欢
take after 长得像，性格等像
take aim 瞄准; take along 随身携带
take ..．as… 看作，认为; take away 拿走；减去；
take back 收回（诺言，话语等）；送还；退（货）
take back to 使回想起
take care当心;
take care to do sth.;take care that．．．
take care of 照料，料理，照顾；当心，注意；处理，对付
take charge (of) 负责（处理某事或照料某人）；接管 take ill (sick)突然生病; take cold 感冒，伤风 take control of 控制住，管住;
take delight (pleasure) in sth.喜欢（做）某事
take delight (pleasure) in doing sth.
take down 拿下来，取下来；记下来
take effect 开始起作用；生效
take．．．for (to be) sth.（错）当作，以为是
take．．．for granted 想当然认为（会是某种情况）；认为是理所当然
take it for granted that…; take ..．for example 以…为例
take hold of 抓住；吸引住
- 短语记忆：
be willing to do sth. 愿意做 devote … to … 把…贡献于 go over 复习 succeed in 成功 give off放出（气味，热） go by 过去，依照
work hard at 致力于
set off (vt.) 引起 pay off 还清
take an interest in 对…感兴趣 have effect on 对…有影响 set out 出发，开始 have … to do with 与…有关 believe in 信任 set sail 启航
C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：
force vt. forget v. form v. frighten vt. gain vt. gather v. grant vt. greet vt. grieve v. guard v. guess v. guid vt.
hand vt. handle vt. hang v. happen vi.
考前知识清理09
- 语法复习： 虚拟语气
1. 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气．(后退一步法)
2.wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气．(后退一步法)
3. 表示建议，请求，命令等词后宾语从句中的虚拟语气．(should 加原形)
4. 表语从句，主语从句中虚拟语气．(should 加原形)
5.suggestion，insist后从句中不用虚拟语气的问题．
6. 其它从句中的虚拟语气问题．Would you mind ….did….? would rather sb. did sth.
It is time that …did sth.
7. 错综复杂条件状语从句中的虚拟语气．
8. 暗含虚拟语气问题：介词短语表条件；情境中提供虚拟语气．
II. 句型复习：
8. It is time ( about time ,high time ) that ...
句型8中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是① 用过去时态表示虚拟．② should + 动词原形，should 不能省．常译为＂是（正是）．．．的时侯．．．＂ - It is the first ( second ... ) time that ...
句型９要和句型８区别开来，该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态，至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定，如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态．该结构中 that 可以省去；it有时用 this 替换．常译为＂是第一（二）．．．次．．．＂
10. It is .... since ...
句型１０主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间时间状语连用的问题．主句中是时间作表语，一般是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句一般是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词．如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时．
III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (09)do
do a good deed 做件好事 do away with 废除，破除，取消，消除，干掉
do about sth. 对．．．想某种办法或采取某种行为
do everything (all) one can 尽一切努力，尽力去做 do good 做好事
do sb. good (harm) = do good (harm) to sb. 对．．．有好处（害处）
do sb. a favour (kindness) 帮一个忙
do sb. the favour to do sth. (that．．．) 帮忙做．．．
do one’s best = try one’s best 尽．．．最大的努力
do one’s bit (duty) 尽一份力（履行职责，做份内的事）
do up 收拾，整理，打扮；包，扎，系
do well 做得对，做得好; do with 处理，安排，多和what连用）
do with 想要，需要（多和can连用); do with 受不了，不能（多和can’t连用）
do something (nothing , anything, little, much) to do with 与..．有..．关系
do wonder = work wonder 创造奇迹
do wrong 做坏事、犯罪
do sb. wrong = do wrong to sb. 委屈，冤枉某人，做对不起某人的事
B. 短语记忆：be admitted to sp. 被…录取
take … by surprise 对…突然袭击/ 出乎…意料
put effort into sth.(致力于) put into prison = send to prison 送入监狱
clear up(清理，收拾，打扫) do a word puzzle = do a puzzle in words (猜字谜)
keep a certain distance away (保持一定的距离) far below (远远低于)
C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：
imagine vt. impose v. impress vt. improve v. incline v. include vt. increase v. inform v. injure vt. inquire v. insist v. inspire vt.
intend vt. interfere vi. introduce vt. invite vt.
考前知识清理10
- 语法复习： 主谓语一致 03
６）表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词作主语，尽管是复数，谓语动词用单数。
７）or , either ... or ... , neither ... nor ... , not ... but ... , not only ... but also... 等连接两个主语时，谓语动词用就近一致原则。
８）以 there , here , such 引起的句子，而主语又不只一个，谓语动词用就近一致原则。
９）以what 引起的主语从句，all , most , half , the rest , the remainder 等引起的主语，谓语动词按意思一致的原则处理。
１０）关系词who, that , which 引起的定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词在数和人称取得一致。但one of + 复数名词 + that从句。从句的谓语动词应用复数，而the ( only ) one of +复数名词 + that 从句，从句的谓语动词应用单数。
１１）当 the与原级形容词连用，表示一类人时；或某些以-s(es) 结尾的人名，指一家人、夫妻俩或同名同姓的若干人时，谓语动词用复数。
II. 句型复习：
11. It is ... when ...
句型１１中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当．常译为＂当．．．的时候，是．．．＂
12. It be ... before ...
句型１２中的主句时态只有将来一般时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等时间．常译为＂．．．之后．．．＂
13. It happens (seems, appears ) that...
句型号１３中it是形式主语， that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen , seem是不及物动词．
III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (10) take
take in 接受（房客，客人等），留宿；理解，明白；包括，涉及；（把衣服）改小，改瘦；订阅
take it easy 不要着急；慢慢来 take note of 注意
take notes 作笔记，记笔记 take notice of 理会；注意
take off 脱下（衣，帽等);起飞；匆匆离开；休假，请假；取消
take off one’s hat to 佩服；敬重
take on 接受，从事（工作）；雇用；上车，接受乘客
take one’s time 慢慢来，从容不迫
take out 取出，使退色；领取
take over 接替(职务)；接管 take part in 参加，参与
take pity on(upon) 可怜，怜悯 take place发生，举行
take (a) pride in 为．．．感到自豪（骄傲）
take sth. lying down 甘心忍受（而不反抗）
take sides ( in ) 站在….一边 take the chair 担任主席
take the place of 代替、取代
take trouble to do sth. 不辞劳苦的做．．．
take to sth. 喜欢；养成某种爱好
take to doing sth. ; take turns to do sth. 轮流做... take turns (at) doing sth.
考前知识清理11
take up开始学习（课程），选修；从事；向．．．提出；占用（时间）；占掉（空间）
B. 短语记忆：
further education(进修) absence of 缺乏 access to ...的入口,通路 acquaintance with 相识,了解 action on sth 对...的作用 addition to sth 增加
admission to /into 进入,入(场,学,会) admission of sth 承认 advance in 改进,进步 advantage over 优于...的有利条件 absence from 缺席,不在
answer to ...的答案
C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：
involve vt. insolate vt. issue vt. join v. judge v. jump vi. knock v. know v. lack v. last vi. laugh vi. lay vt.
lead v. learn v. leave v. lend vt.
- 语法复习： 名词
名词的复数问题：
A) 加s的问题. B) 加es的问题. C) 不规则的复数问题. D) 复合名词的复数问题.
2. 名词的所有格问题.
A) Jane and Mary’s room (共有) - B) Jane’s and Mary’s rooms (不共有)
C) at Mr. Green’s (家) at the tailor’s (店铺)
D) 表示物生命东西的名词,通常用 “of +名词 ”表示所有关系.
the gate of the school the window of the door
E) 双重所有格问题
F) of + 抽象名词=形容词 of importance = important
of + great + 抽象名词 = very + 形容词
of great importance = be very important
of + no + 抽象名词 = not + 形容词 (-less) It is no use . = It is useless.
- 名词短语做状语一般不用介词.
She kept washing all day. I told you many times. Come this way, please.
He can walk 50 miles a day.
We waited there two hours.
4. 关于dozen, acore的用法.
II. 句型复习：
14. It takes sb. ... to do sth.
句型１４中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间．常译为“做．．．要花费某人．．．”
15. It is no good (use ) doing sth.
句型号１５中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是
no good , ( not any good ) , no use , ( not any use )
16. It doesn’t matter whether ( if ) ...
句型１６常译为 ＂不论（是否）．．．没关系．．．
- 词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (11)have
- have sth. = have got sth. 有；have sth. 吃，喝，
have a talk (rest, look at, drink, wash, fight, walk, dream, bath, dance, smoke．．．
have a good trip 一路顺风 have a talk with 与．．．谈话
have a seat 坐下 have a test 参加测验 - 使．．．(做)．．．
have sb. do sth. have sb. done have sb. doing sth. - have sb. + 介词短语／副词
have to 不得不做．．．had better do sth.最好（做．．．）
have a ．．．time 过得．．． - have．．．about (on) sb. 身边带有．．．
have a word (a few words) with 和．．．讲（几）句话 - have an effect on (upon) 对．．．有影响
have difficulty in ( doing ) sth.（做）．．．有困难（麻烦） - have pity on 可怜， 同情
have none of 不允许have on 着，带着 有事、有约会
have something to do with 有．.要做 - have．．．to do with 和．．．有关系
have sports 进行体育活动
- 短语记忆：
anxiety for sth 渴望 apology to sb for sth 道歉
appeal to sb for sth 恳求,呼吁
appeal for 魅力,吸引力 appetite for 对...的欲望
application 把...应用于...
C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：
let vt. lie vi. lie v. lift v.
light v. love vt. line v. link vt.
listen vi. live v. lose vt. maintain vt.
make vt. manage v. mark vt. mean vt.
