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英语七年级下册知识点总结
Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?
V:动词 N:名词 adj:形容词 adv:副词
- 情态动词+V原 can do= be able to do 会做…/可以做….
- Play+ the+ 乐器
Play+球类,棋类
- join 参加社团、组织、团体
- 4个说的区别:say+内容
speak+语言
talk 谈论 talk about sth talk with sb talk to sb
tell 告诉,讲述 tell sb (not)to do sth告诉某人(不)做某事
tell stories/ jokes讲故事/讲笑话
- want= would like +(sb)to do sth 想要某人干某事
- 4个也的区别:too 肯定句末 (前面加逗号)
either否定句末(前面加逗号)
also 行前be 后
be good at+ V-ing=do well in 擅长于
be good for 对…有益 (be bad for对…有害)
be good to 对…友好 (good 可用friendly,nice,kind替换)
be good with和…相处好=get on/ along well with
- 特殊疑问句的构成:疑问词+一般疑问句
- How/ what about+V-ing…怎么样?(表建议)
10,感官动词(look, sound, taste, smell, feel)+adj/ like
11,选择疑问句:回答不能直接用Yes或者No,要从中选择一个回答
12,students wanted for school show(wanted表示招募,含有被动意义)
13,show sth to sb=show sb sth 展现某事物给某人看
give sth to sb=give sb sth 给某人某物
14,帮助某人干某事:help sb (to)do sth =help sb with sth
With sb’s help= with the help of sb 有某人的帮助
Help oneself to 随便享用
15,be busy doing sth/ be busy with sth 忙于做某事
16,need to do sth 需要去做某事
17,be free= have time 有空
18,make friends 交朋友
19,call sb at +电话号码 给某人打电话
20,on the weekend= on weekends
21,English-speaking students 说英语的学生(带有连词符,有形容词性质)
22,do kung fu表演功夫
Unit 2 What time do you go to school?
- 问时间用what time或者when
At+钟点 at 7 o’clock at noon/ at night during在什么期间 during/in the day在白天
On+ 具体某天、星期、特指的一天 on April 1st on Sunday on a cold winter morning
In +年、月、上午、下午、晚上
- 时间读法:顺读法
逆读法:分钟≤30用past five past eight(8:05) half past eight(8:30)
分钟>30用to a quarter to ten(9:45)
整点用 …o’clock 7 o’clock(7:00)
3,3个穿的区别:wear 表状态,接服装、手套、眼镜、香水等
put on 表动作,接服装
dress 表动作,接sb/ oneself get dressed穿衣
- 感叹句:How+adj+主谓!
How+adj+a/an +n单+主谓! i
What+ a/an +adj+ n单+主谓!
What+ adj+ n复/ 不可数+主谓!
- from…to…从….到…..
- be/ arrive late for 迟到
- 频度副词(行前be 后)
Always usually often sometimes seldom hardly never
7,一段时间前面要用介词for for half an hour for five minutes
- eat/ have… for breakfast/ lunch/ dinner/ supper
- either…or要么….要么…..
10,许多:a lot of=lots of +可数名词复数/不可数名词
many+可数名词复数
much+不可数名词
11,it is +adj+for sb +to do sth(adj修饰to do sth)对于某人来说干某事是….
eg: It is important for me to learn English. 对于我来说学习英语是重要的。
it is +adj+of sb +to do sth (adj修饰sb) 做某事的人是….
eg: It is kind/ friendly/ nice of you to help me.你帮助我,你是和蔼的/友好的/善良的
Unit 3 How do you get to school?
- 疑问词
How 如何(方式)
how long 多长(时间)答语常用“(For/ about +)时间段”
how far多远(距离)答语常用“(It’s +)数词 +miles/ meters/ kilometers”
how often多久一次(频率)答语常用“Always/ often/ every day/…”或 “次数+时间”等表频率的状语
How soon多快,多久以后,常用在将来时中。答语常用“in +时间段”
how many多少(接可数名词) how much(接不可数名词)(问价钱)
why为什么(原因) what什么 when何时
who谁 whom谁(宾格)(针对宾语提问也可用who) whose谁的
- 宾语从句要用陈述句语序
- Stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
Stop to do 停下来去做其他事
Stop doing 停止正在做的事
- what do you think of/ about…?= how do you like…?你认为…怎么样?
- He is 11 years old.=He is an 11-year-old boy. 他11岁=他是一个11岁的男孩
- many students= many of the students
- be afraid of sth be afraid to do sth worry about be worried about 担心
- play with sb 和某人玩耍
- come true 实现
10,have to do sth 不得不做某事
11,he is like a father to me (like像)他对我来说就像是一位父亲
12,leave离开 leave for 出发前往某地,for后面加目的地
13,cross 是动词,穿过 across是介词
14,thanks for +n/ V-ing
Thanks for your help/ thanks for helping me.
Thanks for your invitation/ thanks for inviting/ asking me.
Thanks to幸亏,由于,因为
15,花费:人+spend/ spends/ spent+时间/钱+(in)doing sth/ on sth
人+pay/ pays/ paid +钱+for sth
It takes/ took sb +时间+to do sth
物+cost/ costs/ cost +sb +钱
16,交通方式
- 用介词。在句子中做方式状语。
①by +交通工具名词(中间无需任何修饰)
By bus/ bike/ car/ taxi/ ship/ boat/ plane/ subway/ train……
②by +交通路线的位置
By land/ water/ sea/ air
③in/ on +冠词/物主代词/指示代词 +交通工具名词
In a/ his/ the car
On a/ his/ the bus/ bike/ship/ train/ horse/ motorbike
④on foot 步行
- 用动词。在句子中做谓语。
①take + a/ the +交通工具名词
take a bus/ plane/ ship/ train
ride a bike
②walk/ drive/ ride/ fly to……(后面接here,there,home等地点副词时,省略介词to。)如步行回家:walk home
17,名词所有格
一般情况加’s Tom’s pen
以s结尾加’ the teachers’ office ten days’ holiday
表示几个人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加’s Mike and John’s desk
表示每个人各自拥有,在每个名词后加’s Mike’s and John’s desks
Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.
1,祈使句(变否定在句首+don’t)
Be型(be +表语),否定形式:don’t + be +表语 Be quiet,please. Don’t be late!
Do型(实义动词+其他),否定形式:don’t +实义动词+其他
Come here,please. Don’t play football here.
Let型(let sb do sth),否定形式:don’t + let sb do sth或者let sb not do sth
No+n/ V-ing No photos /mobile;No parking/ smoking/ spitting/ talking/ picking of flowers
2,in class在课堂上 in the classroom 在教室
3,be on time准时
5,(have a)fight with sb 和某人打架
- eat outside 在外面吃
- Must 与have to
(1)must 表示说话人主观上的看法,意为“必须”。 have to 表示客观的需要或责任,意为“不得不,必须”,后接动词原词。
(2)must没有人称,时态和数的变化Have to 有人称,数,时态的变化,其第三人称单数形式为 has to ,过去式为had to. 构成否定句或疑问句时借助动词do/ does。
(3)have to的否定式是needn’t=don’t / doesn’t have to (不必要);must的否定式是must not/ mustn’t(一定不能,不允许)。
- Some of… 其中一些
10,bring…to…
11,practice (doing)sth 练习做某事
12,wash/ do the dishes 洗碗
13,on school days/ nights 在上学日的日子/晚上
14,break/ follow(obey)the rules 违规/遵守规矩
15,Be strict with sb/ oneself be strict in sth对……严格。
16,too many“太多”修饰可数名词复数
too much“太多”修饰不可数名词
much too“实在太”修饰形容词或副词
17,make one’s/ the bed 整理床铺
18,get to, arrive in/at, reach,到达(如果后面接地点的副词home,here或there ,就不用介词in ,at, to)
19,remember/ forget+to do记得/忘记要去做某事
+doing记得/忘记做过某事
20,玩得高兴have fun,enjoy oneself,have a good/ great/ wonderful time+V-ing
Unit 5 Why do you like pandas?
- 回答why的提问要用because
2,Kind of稍微,有点 与a little/ bit 相近
A kind of 意为“一种”,some kinds of 意为“几种”,all kinds of 意为“各种各样的”。这里的kind 是“种,类,属”的意思。
3,Why not =Why don’t you+V原 你为什么不…?
4,walk on one’s legs/ hands on 意为“用…方式行走”
5,all day =the whole day整天
6,来自be/ come from where do they come from?=where are they from?
7,more than=over超过 less than 少于
8,once 一次 twice 两次 three times 三次
9,be in great danger 处于极大的危险中
10,one of… …之一 +名词复数
11,get lost 走丢
12,with/ without 有/ 没有 介词
13,a symbol of 一个….的象征
14,由…制造 be made of能看出原材料
be made from 看不出原材料
be made in+地点 表产地
15,cut down 砍到 动副结构(代词必须放中间,名词可放中间或者后面)
Unit 6 I’m watching TV.
1,现在进行时
其结构为be的现在式(am, is, are)+ 现在分词(V-ing)。
否定形式在be后面加not,疑问式将be动词提前
2,动词-ing形式的构成:
一般情况+ing;以不发音的e结尾的,去e加ing;重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写辅音字母再加ing
- go to the movies看电影
- join sb for sth与某人一起做某事 join us for dinner 和我们一起去吃饭
- live with sb 和某人一起居住 live in+地点 住在….
- other,another与the other
Other “其他的,另外的”,后接名词复数,有时other+n复数=others
Another “又一(个),另一(个)”,泛指总数为三个或三个以上中的任意一个,后接名词单数。
one…the other…”表示“一个…,另一个…”
- talk on the phone 在电话上聊天
- wish to do sth 希望去做某事
- Here is+ n单 Here are+ n 复
Unit 7 It’s raining!
- 询问天气的表达方式:
How’s the weather? It’s a raining/sunny day. It’s raining.
What’s the weather like? It’s windy.
- play computer games
- How’s it/ everything going?=How have you been?
- In/ at the park
- Take a message for sb 替人留言
Leave a message to sb 给人留言
- call sb back 回电话
- right now,right away,at once,in a minute,in a moment,in no time 立刻,马上
- right now现在 just now刚刚(用于一般过去式)
- over and over again一再地,反复不断地
10,the answer to the question 问题的答案,a key to the door 门钥匙,
a ticket to the ball game球赛的门票
11,by the pool 在泳池旁边
12,summer vacation 暑假 winter vacation 寒假
13,go on a vacation去度假 be on a vacation在度假
14,write (a letter)to sb 写信给某人
15,反意疑问句(陈述句+附加疑问句)
反意疑问句中,陈述句用的肯定,后面的附加疑问句就要用否定;相反,陈述句用的否定,附加疑问句就要用肯定。
16,adj 以-ing结尾“令人…的”exciting,interesting,relaxing
以-ed结尾“人感到…的”excited,interested,relaxed
17,in the first picture 在第一张照片里
18,dry干燥的 humid潮湿的
Unit 8 Is there a post office near here?
1,There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.
There are +复数名词+地点状语. (就近原则)。
There be句型的否定式:There is not an apple on the table.=There is no apple on the table.
not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.
There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首
There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”
2,问路:①Is/ Are there ……near here/ around here/ in the neighborhood?
②Where is/ are……?
③How can I get to……?
④Could/Can you tell me the way to……
⑤Which is the way to……
3,Across,cross,through,over
Across是介词,“横过,在对面”表示从物体表面穿过
Cross是动词,相当于go/ walk across
Through是介词,表示从物体中间或里面穿过 go through the door
Over是介词,“横过,越过”表示从物体上空越过,跨过 fly over
4,ask for help/ advice 寻求帮助,寻求意见
5,in/ on the street 在街上
6,在某条大街上习惯用介词on on Bridge Street
7,across from,next to,between…and…,behind
8,in front of在…(外部的)前面→behind在…后面 in the front of在…(内部的)前面
9,be in town→be out of town
10,be far from 距离某地远
11,go/ walk along go straight go up/ down
12,turn left/right
13,on one’s/ the left
14,at the first crossing/ turning
15,sometimes 有时(频度副词) sometime(将来)有朝一日,(曾经)某天
Some times 几次,几倍 some time 一段时间(前面用介词for)
16,free 空闲的 free time
自由的 as free as a fish
免费的 The best things in life are free.
17,enjoy doing 喜欢做某事
18,Time goes quickly. 时间过得快
19,表“一些”在肯定句中用some. 在疑问句和否定句中用any。
特殊用法:some可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中。
any也可用于肯定句中,表示"任何的"。
Unit 9 What does he look like?
1,what does he look like?询问人长什么样,
回答:①主语+be+形容词/ 介词短语(he is tall/ of medium height);
②主语+have/has+形容词+名词(she has long hair)
what does sb like?询问某人喜欢什么
3,May be 为情态动词+动词原形,在句子中做谓语,maybe是副词,表示可能,大概,一般放在句首。
4,a little,little修饰不可数名词,a little表示一点点,little表示几乎没有
a few,few修饰可数名词,a few表示一点点,few表示几乎没有
5, Find 强调找到的结果,look for 强调寻找的过程.
6,问职业:what do you do?=what is your job?
7,the same as→be different
8,long straight brown hair
9,最后in the end(表事情结局)finally(强调次序)at last(强调经多番努力终于达成)
By the end of 直到……为止
At the end of在……末端/尽头
Unit 10 I’d like some noodles.
- 名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词(不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数)。
可数名词又分单数和复数。1一般+s;2以-s,-x,-ch,sh结尾的名词+es;3辅音+y,把y变i,再+es;4以-o结尾的,有生命的+es(negro—negroes;hero—heroes;tomato—tomatoes;potato—potatoes);无生命的+s;⑤以f,fe 结尾的名词,改f,fe为v+es(leaf—leaves;knife—knives)(例外:roofs,chiefs)⑥单复数同形:sheep,deer.不规则变化:man—men;woman—women;child—children;foot—feet;tooth—teeth等
2,would like sth. 想要某物
Would you like some …? 你想要一些……吗? ——Yes, please./ ——No, thanks.
would like to do sth. “想要做某事”。
Would you like to … ? 你愿意去做……吗?
—Yes, I’d like / love to./—I’d like/ love to. But I’m too busy.
would like sb to do sth “想要某人做某事”。
3,order:order food take/ have one’s order
In order to为了
In the order按顺序
Order/ book a room 预定房间
Order sb(not)to do sth命令
4,Special特别的人或事物,特别的,特殊的,specials特色菜
5, the number of表示“……的数量”,后面接可数名词复数。做主语时,主语是number而不是of后面的名词复数,因此谓语动词要用单数;
a number of表示“许多”,相当于many, 后面接可数名词复数,做主语时,主语不是number而是of后面的名词复数,因此谓语动词要用复数。
Number前可用large,great,small修饰,不能用little。
6,仍然,还:still(肯定句)
Yet(疑问句、否定句)
7,one bowl of two bowls of
8,what size(+n)would you like? Large/ medium/ small
9,what kind of
10,大:big 体格大、笨重→small,little 形容具体的人或物
Huge物体体积巨大=very big
Large物体面积、空间、范围、数量大→small 不修饰人
Great重大事件或行为,伟大,具有感情色彩
11,肯定句中表并列用and 否定句、疑问句中表并列用or
12,around the world= all over the world 世界各地
13,make a wish 许愿
14,blow out吹灭
15,in/ at one go一次性
16,get popular 变得流行
17,cut up(动副结构)切碎
18,bring good luck to 带来好运
19,different kinds of 不同种类的
20,be short of缺乏
Unit 11 How was your school trip?
1,一般过去时
基本结构:主语+动词过去式+其他;
否定形式:①was / were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原动词;
一般疑问句:①Was/Were+主语+其他?②Did+主语+动词原形+其他?
2,动词过去式规则变化:直接加ed;以不发音e结尾的单词,直接加d;以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加ed;以元音字母+y结尾的,直接加ed;以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母+ed
不规则变化的动词过去式(见书本最后一页)
- How was your school trip?= what was your schooltrip like?你的旅行怎么样?
- Go for a walk 散步
- Milk a cow 给奶牛挤奶
- Ride a horse 骑马
- Quite a lot 相当多
- Show sb around 带某人参观
10,In the countryside 在乡下
11,after that 在那以后
12,come out出现
13,go on school trip 参加学校旅行
14,along the way 沿着。。。
15,buy/ get sb sth= buy/ get sth for sb
16,all in all 总的来说
18,be interested in +n/ v-ing 对….感兴趣
19,not at all 根本不
21,Something意为“某事,有些事”;
anything意为“任何事,任何东西”;
everything意为“每一件事”(其后的谓语动词要用单数);
nothing意为“没事,什么事都没有”。
Unit 12 What did you do last weekend?
1,go shopping/ swimming/ skating/ dancing/ skiing/ climbing/ camping/ hiking……(外面)
do some writing/ washing/ cooking/ cleaning/ reading……(里面)
- go to the cinema 去电影院
- camp by the lake 在湖边野营
- study for a test study for the Englishtest 为测试复习
- work as a guide 作为一名向导工作
- living habits 生活习惯
- stay up late 熬夜
- shout at sb 因生气或愤怒向某人吼叫;
shout to sb 对某人大声叫喊,目的是让人听见
- run away 跑掉
10,fly a kite=fly kites
11,adj修饰不定代词 adj要放后面 something important,anything interesting
12,take sb to… 带某人去……
13,put up tents 搭帐篷
14,make a fire 生火
16,each other相互,彼此
17,get a terrible surprise 吓一大跳
18,finish doing 完成做某事
19,look out of…从……朝外看(window,door……)
look out at sth 向外眺望……
look out for 留神、注意、小心、关心
20,feel/ watch/ see/ hear sb do sth强调整个过程
feel/ watch/ see/ hear sb doing sth强调动作正在进行
21,jump up and down 上蹿下跳
22,wake up 醒来
23,so +adj +that +结果状语从句“如此……以致……”
eg:I was so busy that I didn’t go to sleep for 3 days.
The weather was so cold that they had to stay at home.
I raise my voice so that I can make myself heard.