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初一英语(下)语法知识点汇总
Unit 1 知识点总汇
- 重点单词短语
- one / it 辨析
- one表示“同类异物”,即指同一类物体,但不是同一个东西
- it表示“同类同物”,即指上文中或前文中所提到的同一个物体
- family / house/ home 辨析
- family:可以表示“家庭”,也可以表示“家人”,但都强调家庭中的全体成员,不指住房
- house:有“住宅,家”之意,强调房屋
- home:表示“家”,指人们生活居住的地方,强调居住的范围和环境
- own
- 自己的
- of one’s own属于某人自己的
- on one’s own = by oneself 独自地,独立地
- 拥有:own sth. 拥有某物
- owner:拥有者,物主 –> the owner of... 表示:……的主人
- look out at/ look out of 辨析
- look out at sth. :向外眺望某物look out at the birds
- look out of sth. :从……往外看look out of window
- dream
- 梦想,梦 have a dream
- 理想的,梦幻的 dream house
- 做梦 dream of doing sth. 梦想做某事
- have fun
- have fun doing sth.做某事玩的很开心
- have fun with sb. 和某人玩的很开心
- have fun 中,此处的fun为名词
- 只有fun + n. 时fun才为形容词,其他情况下fun都为不可数名词,表示“乐趣”,或“有趣的事”
- It is fun to do sth. 做某事很有趣
- funny:表示滑稽的,有趣的,可笑的
- in bed/ on the bed
- in bed表示:躺在床上(看电视,看书,听音乐等)或“卧病在床”
- on the bed 表示:放置在床上
- hope
- hope to do sth. 希望做某事
- hope +(that) +句子
- 注意:没有hope sb. to do sth.这种用法!!
- invite
- invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
- invitation: n. 邀请,请柬
- 重点句型
- Would you like tolive in a palace?
- would like = want 表示“想要”
- would like sth. 想要某物
- would like to do sth. 想做某事
- would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
- would like 疑问句的回答
- 肯定回答:Yes, please. Yes, I’d like to.
- 否定回答:No, thanks.
Sorry, I prefer to do sth. Sorry, I prefer sth.
- I share a bedroom with my sister.
- share ( )with sb.和(某人)分享某物
- I live in a flat in the centre of
- in the centre of:在……的中心
- live:不及物动词,表示居住在……地方时,需要用介词
- live in a flat
- live on the second floor
- 当后面的地方为“地点副词时”,如here, there, where,则live后面不需要加介词
- 注意:当有place的情况下,live后面一般也不需要添加介词
It is a wonderful place to live.
- He is always the firstto come to school in our class.
- 序数词前面需要加定冠词the
- 此句也可以转换为:He always comes to school in our class
- The bathroom is the best placeto chat and watch TV.
- the best place:最好的地方
- 形容词最高级前面需要加定冠词the
- the worst thing:最糟糕的事
- the largest population:最多的人口
- chat with sb. 和某人聊天
- France has an area of over 260,000 square miles.
- has/ have an area of:有……大的规模
- in area:在面积上,在规模上
- in size:在大小,尺寸上
- over = more than (一般出现在任务型阅读或者句型转换中)
- square: 平方的 square metres/ miles
- 方形的,方的 square face
- 广场 Tian’anmen Square Red Square
- 常用电话用语
- Who is that speaking?
- This is ....speaking. Who is that? 我是某某,你是谁?
- Hold on, please. 请稍等
- XX, you are wanted. 某某,有人找你接电话
- Can I take a message for you? 我能替你捎个口信吗?
- take a message for sb. 给某人捎个口信(一般指接电话人说)
- leave a message to sb. 给某人留个口信(一般指打电话人说)
- Can you ask him to call me back? 你能告诉他给我回电话吗?
- 重点语法
- 基数词
- 基数词表顺序:单数名词+基数词 Class Two; Grade One(前后另个单词首字母必须大写),就可以替换为the + 序数词+单数名词
- 表示数量时,当有具体数量时,在billion/ million/ thousand/ hundred后不加“s”和“of”
- 当表示泛指数量时,则前面不需要有具体数量,但后面需要添加“s”和“of”,如:hundreds of; thousands of; millions of
- in one’s + 基数词的复数形式:在某人几十岁的时候
in my twenties 在我20几岁的时候
- 基数词+连字符+单数名词:表示形容词
30-minute walk; 2400-metre race; 1200-word composition
- 序数词
- 序数词的写法:基数词变序数词的口诀
- 一二三特殊记,th从四起
- 八加h,九去e,ve要用f替
- 整十基数变序数,先把ty变tie
- 要是遇到几十几,前半基数后半序
- 注意:第四(the fourth) 第四十(the fortieth)第一百(the one hundredth)
- 序数词表示第几时,前面需要使用限定词(形容词性物主代词或定冠词the)
- 序数词表顺序:the + 序数词+单数名词àthe first class(第一节课)
- a + 序数词/ the + 序数词
- a+序数词表示:再一次,又一次à a second one(再来一个)
- the +序数词表示:第几次àthe second one (第二个)
- 序数词作副词:I always come to school first.
- 分数
- 分数的表达:序数词本身也可以表示几分之一的意思,所以在表达几分之几的时候,可以理解为有多少个几分之一,如:2/3则为两个1/3,即:two thirds 或two-thirds
- 注意:在解决分数问题时,一定要注意以分数后面的名词的可数不可数,来判断谓语动词到底是否使用三单形式。
- 形容词最高级
- 形容词最高级的规则变化为:形容词后+est 如:the biggest; the cleverest; the largest
- 形容词最高级的不规则变化:little—less—least many/much—more—most good—better—best bad—worse—worst
Unit 2 知识点总汇
- 重点单词短语
- afraid
- be afraid of sth. / doing sth. 害怕某物/害怕做某事
- be afraid + that +句子恐怕……
I’m afraid that you have to stay at home alone tonight.
- I’m afraid not. 可以表示对别人请求的否定回答。表示:我恐怕不行。
- I’m afraid so.表示:我恐怕如此。
- most
- most + n.
- most + of + 代词:most of us
- most + of + the/ 形容词性物主代词/指示代词+ 可数名词复数/不可数名词:most of the students; most of the homework
- luck
- luck àadj. lucky à adv. luckily
- unlucky àadv. unluckily
- lucky dog 幸运儿 lucky day 幸运日
- 注意:做关于lucky的题目时,一定要把题目看全,看看到底要不要把“幸运”变为“不幸”
- check
- 检查(机器,身体) check sth.
- help
- help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某物
- help sb. do (to do) sth. 帮助某人做某事
- helpful: 表示:有帮助的
- helpless:表示:没有帮助的
- help oneself to 随便吃
- 注意:关于help的延伸词汇在首字母填空以及任务型阅读中出现的频率非常高
- broken
- 破碎的,打碎的 be broken
- fix
- fix表示“修理” fix sth.:修理某物
- fix up表示“修好”
- sound
- 声音(voice为嗓音; noise为噪音; sound为声音)
- 听起来,为“系动词”,sound + adj. “听起来怎么样”
- bring/ take/ carry/ fetch
- bring:带来,指从别处拿过来
- take:带走,拿走,指从此处拿出去
- carry:随身携带(没有明确的方向性)
- fetch:去取来(往返)
- far away from
- be far from 表示“离……远”
- 注意:有具体数字表示多远时,只用away,不用far,如:We live in a town 6844 kilometres away from Turkey. It’s very far.
- worry
- 担心 worry about sth. 为……担心
- 担心 worry sb. 使……担心
- worried : adj. 感到担心的,着急的
be worried about what to wear/ how to design it
- sick
- 表示“生病的”
- be sick = be ill
- 注意:病人只能使用sick people
- notice
- 注意 take notice of 注意……
- take no notice of 不注意……; 不理会……
- well/ good
- well: adj. 表示“身体好”, I feel well. 我感到身体很好。
- well: adv. 表示“好”,study well; learn well
- good: adj. 表示“好”
- 重点句型
- It’s good to live in a neighbourhood like that.
- It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth. (如果形容词修饰的是人,则用of sb.)
- It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. (如果形容词修饰的是to do sth,则用for sb.)
- like表示“像”
- I’m going to ask a computer engineer to check it.
- ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
- Some college students are ready to
- be/get ready to do sth. 准备做某事
- be ready to do sth. = be willing to do sth. 乐意做某事
- be ready for sth. = prepare for sth.为某事做准备
- Will you wait for us to call back?
- call back:回电话
- wait for sb.等待某人
- How aboutyour uncle?
- 提建议的句子
- How about / What about sth. / doing sth. ?
- Why not do sth. ?
- Why don’t you do sth.?
- Shall we do sth. ?
- Let’s do sth.
- Would you like to do sth.?
- He is going to make a fire.
- make a fire: 生火
- put out the fire:灭火
- I am sureyou will be good at it.
- be sure= be certain 确定,确信
- be sure of sth. 确信某事
- be sure to do sth.确定做某事
- be sure + 句子 确定……
- Are you worrying about what to wear to a party or how to design your home?
- What to wear: 穿什么
- How to design:如何设计
- 注意:特殊疑问词+to do 中没有why to do
- All our group members know a lot about styles and colours.
- know about : 表示了解 = learn about
- 重点语法
- 一般将来时
- will do :表示将来要发生的事情或状态
- be going to do :
- 计划打算做某事
- 根据客观迹象,判断将来要发生的事情
- there be 一般将来时
- there will be
- there is / are going to be
- 反义疑问句中的一般将来时
- Thereis going to be a meeting next week, isn’t there?
- Thereisn’t going to be a movie this evening, is there?
- 注意:前肯后否,前否后肯
- 不定代词
- 不定代词有:something; anything; everything; nothing; somebody; anybody; everybody; nobody; someone; anyone; everyone; none
- 不定代词作主语,视为单数
- 形容词修饰不定代词,放在不定代词的后面:something interesting; something wrong
- nothing= not anything
- 在不表示委婉请求,且希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中,注意需要把something变为anything,somebody变为anybody
Unit 3 知识点总汇
- 重点单词短语
- maybe/ may be 辨析
- maybe: 表示“可能”,“能够” = perhaps / probably
- may be:情态动词 + 动词原形
- 注意:maybe一般放在句首,修饰整个句子;may be放在句中,做谓语动词
- watch
- watch sb. do sth.
- 看到某人经常做某事
- 看到某人做某事的全过程
- watch sb. doing sth. :看到某人正在做某事
- 类似的词有:see/ notice/ hear
- notice sb. do sth. 注意某人经常做某事/注意某人做某事的全过程
- notice sb. doing sth.注意某人正在做某事
- 注意:当遇到短暂性动词时,不能使用watch/ see/ notice/ hear doing sth. 只能使用do sth. 表示 “全过程”如:I hear someone come into the room.
- quiet/ quite
- quiet: 安静的 àquietly: adv. 安静地
- quite: 相当,非常 quite cold 非常冷
- famous
- be famous for:因……而著名
- be famous as:作为……而著名
- miss
- 思想,想念 miss you so much
- 错过 I missed the train. “我错过了火车”
- 差错 A miss is as good as a mile. 失之毫厘谬以千里
- 小姐 Miss Wang
- look forward to
- look forward to doing sth. 期望做某事
- smell
- 闻起来 (感官动词) + adj.
- 闻到 + n. àsmell gas 闻到汽油味
- sometimes
- some times 一些次数
- some time 一段时间
- sometime 某个时刻
- sometimes 有时
- 对于sometime和some time的记忆口诀:分开为一段,相遇在某时
- however/ but 辨析
- however表示“然而,但是”,使用时,放句首时,但是后面需要用逗号隔开;放在句中句中时,需要前后都用逗号隔开,而but则不需要。
- 重点句型
- There are lots of things to doin Sunshine Town.
- 动词不定式 to do
- 作后置定语,修饰lots of things
- 动词不定式 to do (表目的,将来)
- try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大的努力去做某事
- Ifyou do not like Chinese food, there are some Western restaurants too.
- if 可以表示:
- 是否: I don't know if he will come. (表“是否”时,不需要主将从现)
- 如果:(符合主将从现)àIf I have time, I’ll go for a walk.
- 主将从现(主句将来时,从句为一般现在时)
- as soon as:一……就
àAs soon as you get to Beijing, I will call you.
- Some families raisescows, and others grow wheat.
- raise cows 养牛
- raise: “饲养” raise sheep/ pigs/ cows...
- raise: “举起,抬起”raise your hands 举手
- raise: “筹集”raise money 筹钱
- grow wheat 种植小麦
- I am talking about what I want to do, not what I do not want to do.
- think about
- what to do 表示:特殊疑问词+ to do
- I don’t know what to do. 我不知道做什么。
- 注意:没有why to do 这种用法
- Usually my mother drives us there to do the shopping.
- drive: 驾车送,驾驶,开车
- drive sb. to +地点 驾车送某人去某地
- 重点语法
- 人称代词
- 主格宾格:作主语,用主格;作宾语,用宾格
- 排列顺序:单数人称2,3,1; 复数人称1,2,3;道歉情况1,2,3
- 物主代词
- 形容词性物主代词:不能单独使用,后面需要加名词
- 名词性物主代词= 形容词性物主代词+ 名词
(有名则形,无名则名)
- 名词所有格
- ‘s所有格:用来表示人或动物的名词,意为“……的”
- 变化规则
- 复数结尾有s的情况下,直接+‘
- 复数结尾无s的情况下,直接+’s
- 共同拥有,则在最后一个名词后加’s
- 各自拥有,则在每个名词的后面都需要加’s
- 特殊情况
- 当遇到表示“时间”、“距离”、“价值”等名词后,也可以用’s所有格
- ‘s所有格可用于表示某人的“店铺”或“家”
the doctor’s 医院; the baker’s 烘培店
- of所有格:无生命事物名词的所属关系
- 双重所有格:表示特定人的不特定关系
- an old friend of mine:one old friend of my friends(我的其中一个老朋友)
Unit 4 知识点总汇
- 重点单词短语
- follow
- follow = come/ go after跟随
- follow sb. to sp. 跟随某人去某地
- follow: 听从,遵守
It is important to follow the traffic rules on the way to school.
- following: adj. 下面的,其后的,以下的
à the following statements 下面的陈述
- have to与must
- have to do sth. 不得不做某事
- 有三单变化
- 否定:don’t have to do sth. 没有必要做某事
- must表示“必须,肯定推测”
- 表示“必须”时,其一般疑问句的否定回答为:don’t have to / needn’t
- 表示“肯定推测”时,对应的“否定推测”为can’t
- 注意:mustn’tdo sth. 只表示“禁止”做某事
- lie
- 躺:Look! An old man is lyingon the ground.
- 坐落于:Beijing liesin the north of China.
- 说谎:I decided not to lie to anyone from now on.
- 谎言:He always tells a lie.
注意:lie à lying(现在分词) à lied(过去时)
- remember
- 记住 àforget (忘记)
- remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事
- remembernot to do sth. 记得不要去做某事
Remember not to talk with your mouth full of food.
- rememberdoing sth. 记得做过某事
- 拓展:
- forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事
- forgetdoing 忘记已经做过某事
- stop to do sth. 停下去做另一件事情
- stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情
- go on doing sth. 继续做某事(未做完,接着做)
- go on to do sth. 继续另一件事情
- prepare
- v. 准备
- prepare to do sth. 准备做……
- prepare for sth. 为……做准备
- prepare sth. 为某人准备某物
注意:prepare for sth. = get ready for sth.
- danger
- 危险 à safety 安全
- in danger :处于危险中
- outof danger :脱离危险
- dangerous: 危险的 àsafe 安全的
- trip / travel/ journey
- trip :短途旅行 àgo on a trip
- travel :旅行(统称) àtraveling/ travelling 都可以
- journey:长途陆地旅行
- cross
- 穿过,横过(从表面)
- cross = go/ walk across
- across/ through/ over/ past之间的辨析
- across: 穿过(从表面)walk across the bridge
- through: 穿过(从内部穿过) walk through the forest
- over: 穿过(从上方穿过); 翻过,越过
climb over the mountain
- past: 路过,经过 walk past
- laugh
- laugh at:嘲笑某人
- 重点句型
- How was your trip to the zoo?
- 询问感受
- 拓展:How did you find the trip to the West Lake?
回答:Very good! / Very fantastic!
- Which way should I go at the traffic lights?
- which way :哪条路
- way短语的拓展
- in the way 挡路
- on the way 在路上
- by the way 顺便说一下
- the traffic lights:交通灯,红绿灯
- You’ll see Sunny Garden at the corner of the street.
- at the corner of:在……的拐角
- Birds make beautiful sounds when they sing.
- make sb. do sth.
- make sb. + adj.
- when they sing:when表示“当……时候”
- 重点语法
- 冠词
- 定冠词(the)
- 用于上文提到过的人或事物
- 用于谈话双方都知道的人或事物,表示“这/那个”
- 用于“世界上独一无二”的事物
- 用于西洋乐器名词前
- 用于某些 前表示一类人或事物
- 用于一些固定短语中:in the evening ; in the morning …
- 用于姓氏复数前,表示“……夫妇/一家人”
- 用于序数词、最高级前
- 不定冠词(a/an)
- 用于固定词组中:a few days ago
- 用于可数名词的单数形式前,表示“一”的含义
- 辅音音素开头前用a
- 元音因素开头前用an
- 零冠词
- 复数名词表示一类人或事物
- 专有名词前/不可数名词前
- 名词前已经有this/ that/ every / each/ some/ any或物主代词
- 称呼语或表示头衔的名词前
- 星期、月份、季节前
- 三餐和球类棋类运动名词前
- 一些固定短语中:at midnight
- 方位介词
- inside 和outside
- inside:在……里面
- outside:在……外面 = out of
- above和over
- above:在……上方,不强调是否垂直
- over:在……(垂直的)上方
- below和under
- below:在……下方,不强调是否垂直
- under:在……(垂直的)下方
- in/ on / to
- in表示内部位置;on表示两地接壤;to表示两地分离,不接壤
- 反义疑问句
- haveto 的反义疑问句
He has to go back home before 9 o’clock, _______?
A.hasn’t he B.has he C.doesn’t he D.does he
答案:此题选择C。注意has to并不是情态动词,因此需要借助助动词does,根据“前否后肯,前肯后否”的原则,选择C。
Unit 5 知识点总汇
- 重点单词短语
- hear / hear of/ hear from 辨析
- hear: 亲耳听见某人或某事
- hear of/ about :间接听说
- hear from sb. :收到某人的来信
I am looking forward to hearing from you.
- hear 强调听的结果
listen 强调听的过程(为不及物动词,listen to sth.)
- happen
- 发生
- happen to sb. 发生在某人身上
---Look in the mirror, what happened _______your face?
---Oh, there’s some ink on my face.
A.to B.on C.in D.for
- search / search for 辨析
- search +搜索范围
- The police searched the prisoner to see if he had a gun.
- search sb. 搜某人的身
- search for + 搜寻目标
- My mother searched for the cat here and there but she couldn’t find it.
- search for sb./sth. 搜寻某人/某物
- suddenly
- 突然地
- suddenly = all of a sudden
- anybody/ somebody/ nobody
- somebody:表示“某人”或者“人物”
If you want to be somebody in the future, you must try your best to study well from now on.
- anybody:表示“任何人”
- nobody:表示“没有人”
- reply/ answer
- reply: 回复 reply to sth.
I often reply to my pen-friend’s letter.
- answer: 回复(没有reply正式)
- leave
- leave for sp. 动身前往某地
- leave sth. in/at sp. 把某物落在某地
- way
- on one’s way (to) sp. 在某人去某地的路上
- in one’s way 挡路
- by the way 顺便说一下
- pick up
- 捡起: He saw a bag on the ground and picked it up.
- 搭载:The train stopped several times to pick up passengers.
- surprise
- 惊喜
- What a big surprise!多么大的惊喜呀!
- to my surprise,令我惊讶的是
- be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊奇
- be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊奇
- I am surprised to know that he didn’t pass the exam.
- He is surprised at the news.
- close
- 关,闭合à closed adj. 关着的
- 接近的,靠近的,亲密的
- the closest shop :最近的商店
- close friend:亲密的朋友
- 重点句型
- We don’t talk any more!
- not…any more:不再……
- 同义词组转换: not …any more = no more…
à I don’t ride my bike any more= I no more ride my bike.
- Fish sleep with their eyes open
- with + n. + adj. :表示“伴随状态”
Look, he is sleeping with his eyes open on the desk.
- without: 没有
He can’t swim without its fins or its tails.
- Their eyes are the same size from birth, but their nose and ears never stop growing.
- the same + 名词+as = as + adj./ adv. + as 表示有一样的……
- His eyes are the same size as mine. = His eyes are as big as mine.
- as …as中间使用 / adv.的原级
à He doesn't speak English as well as his brother.
- the same as……:和……一样
- be different from:和……不一样
- The sun is about 1,300,000 times larger thanthe Earth.
- 倍数表达
- A + 倍数 + 比较级 + than B:A比B……多少倍
This hall is five bigger than that one.
- A + 倍数 + as + adj./ adv. (原级) as+B:A是B的多少倍……
This hill is four times as high as that hill.
- A + 倍数 + the size/ length/ width/ height/ weight of B :A是B的多少倍……
This hill is four times the height of that hill.
- He can write with one handand draw with the other at the same time.
- one …the other…一个,另一个(the other表示两者之中的另一个)
- 此句也可以转换为:He always comes to school in our class first.
- 重点语法
- 一般过去时
- 过去某个时间发生的动作或者存在的状态
- 过去经常或反复发生的动作
- 规则动词-ed的读音
- 清念/t/,即ed 在清辅音后面念/t/
- 元浊/d/,即ed在浊辅音后面念/d/
- /t/ /d/之后念/id/,即ed在/d/ /t/ 音后面念/id/
- 动词过去时变化
- 保持不变:cost-cost; put –put; set-set ; hurt-hurt ; hit-hit
- 改变元音:write-wrote; know-knew; hold-held; hang-hung
- 改变辅音:lend-lent; make- made; send-sent
- 改变元音和辅音:catch- caught; teach- taught;
buy- bought; bring-brought
- 其他:have- had; burn- burnt; hear-heard; hide-hid
Unit 6 知识点总汇
- 重点单词短语
- look up
- 向上看:The girl is too short, and she has to look up to see her sister.
- 查阅:You can look up this word in the dictionary.
- 拓展:
put up:搭建,挂起 make up:编造
pick up:捡起,搭载 dress up:打扮
- pass
- 路过,通过,传递
- pass by = walk past 路过
- hurry: vi. 快点,赶快
- hurry to sp. 匆忙去某地(当后接地点副词时,to可以省略)
- in a hurry:匆忙
- He went to school in a hurry. = He hurried to school.
- hurry to sp. = go to sp. in a hurry
- get away:远离,逃离,离开
- Mary caught a butterfly, but it got away fromher soon.
- He wanted to get away from the small town.
- fall
- 落下(fell)
- fall down :落下,倒塌
- fall behind:落后
- fall asleep:睡着
- hit
- 击打,击中(hit)
- The bullet hit the police officer in the shoulder.
- hit sb. in the +部位:击中某人……部位
- alone/ lonely
- alone: adj./ adv. 独自的,单独的(指客观情况)
- lonely: 孤独的,寂寞的,偏僻的(强调内心,带有感情色彩)
Though he lives alone in a lonely village, he doesn’t feel lonely for he has many things to do. (尽管他独自住在一个偏僻的村庄里,但是他不感到孤独,因为他有很多事情要做。)
- lock
- 锁
Are you sure you locked the front door?
- locked:上锁的,不灵活的
Look at the locked door. They must be out.
- complain
- 抱怨
- complain to sb. 向某人抱怨
- complain about / of doing sth. 抱怨做某事
- complain to sb. about sth. 向某人抱怨某事
- notice
- 注意, 通知
take notice of 注意……
- take no notice of 不注意……; 不理会……
- try
- try to do sth. 努力尝试去做
- He tried to pass all the tests but failed.
- try one’s best to do sth. 尽全力做某事= do one’s best to do sth.
- have a try 试一试
- make A out of B: 用B制作A
- = use B to make A = make A with B
- 重点句型
- She looked up and saw a white rabbit in a coat passying by.
- see sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事
- see sb. do sth.看到某人经常做某事或做某事的全过程
- forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事
- forget doing sth.忘记做过某事
- stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情
- stop to do sth.停下去做另一件事情
- How amazing!
- What 型感叹句
- What + a/an + adj. +可数名词单数+(主+谓)
What a strange plant !
- What + adj. +可数名词复数/ 不可数名词+(主+谓)
What fools they were!
- How 型感叹句
- How + adj./ adv. +(主+谓)
How foolish they were!
- How +句子
How time flies!
- 感叹句选择How/What的方法
- 去掉主谓部分,中心语是形容词或副词则用How;中心语是名词则用What。
- She found herself alonein a long, low hall.
- find + oneself + adj./ adv./ 介词短语
You will find yourself beautiful if you are confident.
- find it adj. to do sth. = find it is adj. to do sth. 发现做某事……
They found it / it’s very hard to get to sleep.
- Alice saw a small key on the table, but it didn’t fit any of the doors.
- any of …表示“……中的任何一个”
- Thereare lots of pens. You can choose any of them.
- He practised playing volleyball with his friend.
- practise doing sth. 练习做某事
- Alicewas small enough to go through the door, so she decided to enter the garden.
- + enough to do sth. 做某事足够……
- He was busy enough to go nowhere.
= He was so busy that he didn’t go anywhere. (so + adj./adv. + that句子)
= He was too busy to go anywhere.(too… to )
- decide to do sth. 决定做某事
- decide not to do sth. 决定不做某事
- Alice opened the bottle and drank a little.
- a little: + 不可数名词
- a little: + adj.
- When he heard the news, he felt a little angry.
- She looked down and saw that her body became smaller and smaller.
- smaller and smaller :越来越小 (比较级 and 比较级)
Unit 7 知识点总汇
- 重点单词短语
- believe
- 相信,认为
- believe sb. 相信某人说的话
- believe in sb. 信任某人
- I don’t believe he can fix this computer. 我认为他不能修好这个电脑。
- Believe it or not! 信不信由你!
- able
- 能够的,有能力的
- be able to do sth. :有能力做某事
- be able to = can
- be able to有时态的变化:was / were able ; will be able to
- be unable to do sth. :没有能力做某事
- You’ve changed so much that I was nearly unable to recognize you just now.
- ability: 能力(可数)
- have/ has the ability to do sth. 拥有做某事的能力
= be able to do sth.
- pay/ spend/ cost/ take
- pay
- pay + money for sth. 某人为某物付了多少钱
- spend
- spend + time/ money (in) doing sth. 某人在做某事上花费多少时间或金钱
- spend + time/ money on sth. 某人在某物上花费多少时间金钱
- cost
- cost sb. + money 某物花费某人多少钱。
- take
- It takes sb. + time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少时间
- burn
- 燃烧 burn sb./ sth.
- get burnt 烧伤了
He rushed out of the fire but got burnt.
- hurt
- 受伤的 badly hurt
- 伤害 hurt sb.
- vi. 疼痛 hurt(s)
- in hospital:生病住院; in the hospital:在医院里
- need
- 实意动词
- need sth.
- need sb. to do sth.
- 情态动词
- Need sb. do sth.? (一般疑问句)
- need not do sth. (否定句)
- 帮助
- in need 在困难中
- people in need = people in need of help
- A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情
- take part in / join in/ join
- take part in = join in 表示参加某种活动
- take part in 特别强调“起一定作用”
- join表示参加某种组织并且成为其中的一员
- recommend
- 推荐
- recommend sth. to sb. = recommend sb. sth. 推荐某物给某人
- recommend sb. as + 职位:推荐某人作为……
- recommend sb. for ...:推荐某人获得……(奖项等)
- 重点句型
- Wecan also collect some books for the children.
- collect 收集某物
- raise money 募集钱;捐款
- He was brave enough to save his neighbour from a fire.
- save: 救;救助 save sb. from …从……里救出某人
- save: 节约 save water/ money
- I started to play the violin at the age of six.
- at the age of ……在……的年龄
- 重点语法
- 数词-名词(单数)-形容词:构成一个大的形容词
- an 11-year-old boy
- 数词-名词(单数):构成一个大的形容词
- two-month holiday = two months’ holiday
- 情态动词
- can
- 表示“能力,能”,过去式为could
- 表示请求许可时,相当于may,但语气没有may 严肃
句型:Can/ May I ….?
肯定回答:Yes, you can. / Yes, please. / Sure.
否定回答:No, you can’t / mustn’t. / I’m afraid not.
- can’t
- 不能够:Ican’t swim.
- 否定推测:Itcan’t be hers. 肯定推测:must
- could
- 为can表示“能力,能”时的过去式
- 表示请求许可时,用于疑问句中,语气比can更委婉
句型:Could I …?
肯定回答:Yes, you can. / Yes, please. / Sure.
否定回答:No, you can’t / mustn’t. / I’m afraid not.
注意:表示“委婉请求时”,回答不可以出现could。
- may
- 表示“可能”
- 表示请求许可,用于疑问句中,比较正式
句式:May I …?
肯定回答:Yes, you can. / Yes, please. / Sure.
否定回答:No, you can’t / mustn’t. / I’m afraid not.
Unit 8 知识点总汇
- 重点单词短语
- feed
- feed on…以……为食 Sheep feed on grass.
- feed sb. sth. = feed sth. to sb. 用某物喂养…… We feed grass to sheep.
- feed …on sth. 以某物喂养…… We feed sheep on grass.
- on one’s knees
- on one’s knees:在某人膝盖上
- on one’s knees:跪着
- holdà held(过去式)
- hold sth. in (one’s) hand:把……握在手里
- hold the line:别挂电话,稍等
- hold :举行会议等 a parents’ meeting举行家长会
- hold:容纳,装着
- trouble
- 麻烦
- 作具体的某件麻烦事情时是可数的
- 作一般的麻烦、困难时是不可数的
- get sb. into trouble给某人惹麻烦
- get out of trouble脱离困境
- have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
- hunt
- 打猎;捕杀
- 寻找,搜寻
- hunt for sth./ sb. 寻找某人/某物
- fight
- fight with sb. 和……打架/ 与……并肩作战
- fight against sb. 和……打架
- fight for sth. 为了……而斗争
- 战争
- agree
- 同意,赞成
- agree with sb./ sth. 同意某人/同意某观点
- agree with sb. on sth. 同意某人在某事上的观点
- agreement n. 协议
- in the sun / under the sun
- in the sun :在阳光下
- underthe sun :天底下= in the world
- weigh
- “称……的重量” Do you often weigh yourself?
- 对重量提问用:
How much do you weigh? = What’s your weight?
回答:It weighs …./ It is ….in weight.
- weight n. 重量
- lose weight:减肥 gain weight:增肥
- 重点句型
- Mydog is the cleverest animal of all.
- the cleverest 最聪明的
- Builds me camps out of ticks.
- build sb. sth. 为某人建造某物
- build A out of B. 用B建造A。
- I’ll look after him till the end.
- till the end 直到永远
- at the end of …… 在……的尽头,在……的末尾
- in the end 最后,终于
- 重点语法
- 形容词的排列顺序
- 记忆口诀:美小圆旧黄,中国木书房
a big old brown wooden house
- 复合不定代词的构成和用法
- 形容词修饰不定代词放在不定代词的后面
somebody | anybody | nobody | everybody |
someone | anyone | no one | everyone |
something | anything | nothing | everything |