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在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。
引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whose, whom, which, that 。
引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why。
关系代词在定语从句中做主语，宾语，定语。关系副词在定语从句中做状语。
一、who引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语)，修饰表示人的先行词。
This is the man who helped me.
The boy who//whom we saw yesterday is John’s brother.
二、whom引导的定语从句,whom在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词，口语中可以省略。
The doctor (whom) you are looking for is in the room.
The person (whom) you just talked to is Mr. Li.
=The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. (介词后 whom不能省略)
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.
(固定短语中的介词一般不能拆开，仍放在动词之后。look for / look after /take care of / put on / take off…)
三、whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语，修饰表示人或物的先行词。
Do you know the woman whose name is Mary. Pass me the dictionary whose cover is black.
He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
四、that引导的定语从句，that在从句中做主语或宾语、修饰表示人或物的先行词。作宾语时可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语. (that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which)
The letter (that//which) I received was from my father.
I can’t find the letter that//which came this morning.
Do you still remember the days (that//which)we spent together ?
This is the man that//who helped me.
The house (that//which) we live in is not large. =The house in which we live is not large.
The doctor (that//whom //who)you are looking for is in the room.
五、which引导的定语从句，which在从句中做主语，也可做宾语，或介词的宾语，修饰表示物的先行词。
This is the book (which/that ) you want.
The building which//that stands near the river is our school.
The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.(介词后面的which不能省略)
The house (which/that) we live in is not large.
This is the watch (which/that ) he was looking for.
六、that 和which 都可以修饰表示物的先行词, 但是下列情况只能用that.
先行词为不定代词all, few, little, much, everything, nothing, anything等.
All (that) you have to do is to practise every day. There isn’t much (that) I can do.
Tell us everything that you know, please.
Is there anything that you don’t understand?
先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时.
The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten.
This is the best film (that ) I have ever seen.
先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some, much 等不定代词修饰时.
I have read all the books (that) you gave me.
先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时.
This is the very book that I want to read.
This is the same book that I want to read.
This is the last time ( that ) I shall give you a lesson.
This is the only thing that I can remember.
七、由when 引导的定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词，when为关系副词，做定语从句的时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing.
( 介词＋which可以代替 when)
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
I remember the days which//that we spent together.
八、由where 引导的定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词，where为关系副词，做定语从句的地点状语。
This is the place where we lived for five years.
The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.
The factory in which his father works is in the west of the city.
( 介词＋which可以代替where)
This is a place which/that I wanted to visit.
Shanghai is the city where I was born.
九、Why引导的定语从句，why做原因状语。
I know the reason why he came late. ( for＋which可以代替why)
The reason why / for which he was late was that he was ill.
十、关系代词在从句中作主语，谓语动词的数与先行词保持一致。
The student who is good at English studies hard.
The students who are good at English study hard.
十一、定语从句可分为两大类，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
① 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉的话，主句的意思就不完整，意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词（不用逗号隔开）如：
I was the only person in my office who was invited.
② 非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词起补充、说明的作用，也就是说即便去掉定语从句，句意也不受影响。主从句之间常用逗号分开，且非限制性定语从句不能用that来引导。
This was the American Civil War, which lasted 4 years before the North won in the end.
一、用关系代词（that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose）或关系副词（when、 where、 why）填空。
1．This is the man _______________ wants to see you.
2．The student __________________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.
3．The man _________________ you went to see has come.
4．The man __________________I met yesterday lent me some money.
5．The woman ______________________ you saw is our geography teacher.
6．Here is the pen ________________ you lost the day before yesterday.
7．These books ____________________ you lent me were very useful.
8．A clock is a machine __________________ tells people the time.
9．This is the shirt ______________________I bought yesterday.
10．The book ___________________ is on the table is mine.
11．The film ___________________ they are talking about is very interesting.
12．I will never forget the people and the places ____________ I have ever visited.
13．Is there anyone ___________________ family is in Beijing?
14．Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer.
15．The boy_____________ father is a teacher is good at English.
16．I don’t know the reason __________________ he was late for the class.
17．A birthday is the date ____________ one was born.
18．Do you know the reason ________ no one questioned Aristotle's theory for about 2,000 years?
19．Do you still remember the days ___________________we spent together last term?
20．Shanghai is the city ______________ I was born.
21．The house _____________ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
22．I still remember the day ______________I first came to the school.
23．The time ______________we got together finally came.
24．Please tell me the reason ______________ you missed the plane.
25．I don’t know the reason_______________ he looks unhappy today.
26．Everything _____________ I know will be taught to the students.
27．This is the best film _____________ I have ever seen.
28．The manager walked toward the gate ____________ the workers are waiting.
29．You can’t go into this room ____________ they are having a meeting.
30．I still remember the days _____________ we studied together.
31．The picture ____________ has a house and flowers is the one I like best.
32．He failed in the exam, _____________ surprised us all .
33．Her parents wouldn’t let her marry anyone ____________ family was poor.
34．Tom, ____________ parents are poor workers, always goes hungry.
二、单项选择。
( )1. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.
- that B. who C. whom D. this
( )2. The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher.
- whom B. which C. who D. /
( )3. The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary.
- that B. whose C. which D. as
( )4. Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?
- the one B. which C. who D. whom
( )5. Is this factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?
- the one B. that C. which D. /
( )6. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.
- which B. that C. / D. it
( )7. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.
- which B. in which C. that D. all
( )8. _____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.
- That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who
( )9. Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.
- which B. whom C. whose D. this
( )10. This is the best book _____ I have been looking for all this year.
- who B. whom C. which D. /
( )11. This is the only article of these that _____ written by him.
- was B. were C. is D. are
( )12. The man _____ was here just now is a doctor.
- whom B. who C. / D. he
( )13. The boy _____ has two lovely dogs. A. who live next door
- which lives next door C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door
( )14. Those _____ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands.
- which B. whom C. that D. who
( )15. Don’t go in, this is the shop _____ we have just been _____.
- /, to B. that, / C. where, to D. which, there
( )16. He is the most careful boy _____ I know.
- what B. which C. as D. ./
( )17. This is the school _____ Mr. Smith once taught.
- in that B. when C. where D. there
( )18. Have you visited the house _____ the famous scientist was born?
- where B. in that C. that D. which
( )19. The factory _____ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week.
- when B. where C. that D. which
( )20. Do you still remember the day _____ we first met?
- that B. when C. what D. on that
( )21. The time _____ we studied together is not easily forgotten.
- A. that when C. where D. in which
( )22. October 1,1949 is the day _____ we’ll never forget.
- when B. that C. where D. in which
( )23. October 1,1949 was the day _____ the People’s Republic of China was founded.
- which B. when C. where D. in which
( )24. Is this the shop _____ sells children’s clothing?
- which B. where C. in which D. what
( )25. Is this museum _____ they visited last month?
- that B. which C. where D. the one
( )26. I still remember the sitting-room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
- what B. which C. that D. where
三、句型转换
1．The film is interesting. They saw it last night.
_______________________________________________________________________
2．The students will not pass the exam. They don’t work hard.
_______________________________________________________________________
3．The lady is our teacher. You saw her just now.
_______________________________________________________________________
4．I was reading a book. The book is about a boy.
_______________________________________________________________________
5．He is the young writer．He wrote the book．
_______________________________________________________________________
6．I like Chinese tea with nothing in it.
I like Chinese tea _______________ ______________nothing in it．
7．The girl who is wearing the red coat is very clever．
The girl ______________ the red coat is very clever．
8．The strange thing with three legs was used for drinking long before．
The strange thing _______ ________ three legs was used for drinking long before．
参考答案
答案：
- that 2. that 3. where 4. where 5. when 6. which/ that 8. which 9. that 10. whose 11. whose
一． 单项选择 定语从句1~5 A C A B A 6~10 B C C A D 11~15 C B D D A 16~20 D C A B B 21~26 B B B A D D
二． 在下列定语从句中，用适当的介词填空。
- with 2. through 3. from 4. by 5. of 6. under 7. without 8. to 9. in 10. at
- on 12. on 13. of 14. against 15. of
