中考英语阅读理解解题技巧

题型一，细节理解题

文章中的细节通常指的是作者为论证文章主题特别是论证段落的大意而使用的具体信息。

此类题型多数针对文章的细节涉及而成，其主要的提问方式有：

1. Which of the following is (not)right?
2. Which of the following is Not True in the passage?
3. All of the following are ( not) true ?/ (not) mentioned except
4. Choose the right order of this passage.
5. From this passage we know / can learn .

因为就议论文和说明文而言，作者在阐明准备论述的问题或观点后，通常会用大量具体的事实细节去说明或支持它们。

这些细节可以是理由、例子、数字，也可以采用下定义、作比较、对比、打比方等方法去组织。

 

I’ve loved my mother’s desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as mother sat doing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the more wonderful thing in the world.

Years later, during her final illness, mother kept different things for my sister and brother. “But the desk,” she’d said again, “it’s for Elizabeth. ”

I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed it in action. But as a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.

They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional(易动感情的)”. But she lived “on the surface(表面)”.

As years passed I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family. I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive(原谅) me.

I posted the letter and waited for her answer. None came.

My hope turned to disappointment(失望), then little interest and, finally, peace— it seemed that nothing happened. I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to mother. I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.

Now the present of her desk told, as she’d never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside —a photo of my father and a one-page letter, folded(折叠) and refolded many times.

Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always chose the act that speaks louder than words.

 

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

1. The writer began to love her mother’s desk ______.
2. after Mother died B. before she became a writer
3. when she was a child D. when Mother gave it to her
4. The passage shows that ______.
5. mother was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughter
6. mother was too serious about everything her daughter had done
7. mother cared much about her daughter in words
8. mother wrote to her daughter in careful words
9. The word “gulf” in the passage means ______.
10. deep understanding between the old and the young
11. different ideas between the mother and the daughter
12. free talks between mother and daughter
13. part of the sea going far in land
14. What did mother do with her daughter’s letter asking forgiveness?
15. She had never received the letter. B. For years, she often talked about the letter.
16. She didn’t forgive her daughter at all in all her life. D. She read the letter again and again till she died.
17. What’s the best title of the passage?
18. My letter to MotherB. Mother and Children
19. My mother’s DeskD. Talks between Mother and Me

 

习题答案解析：

1. 选C。根据I’ve loved my mother’s desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as mother sat doing letters. 可知作者当时还是个小孩子，故选C。
2. 选A。由But she lived “on the surface ”. 和全文内容可知，作者的母亲表面上很冷漠，但心里充满了对作者的爱，正确答案是A。
3. 选B。从I was “too emotional”. But she lived “on the surface”. 可知此词是指两人之间不同的看法和观点，应选B。
4. 选D。根据…a photo of my father and a one-page letter, folded and refolded many times. 可知应选D。
5. 选C。文章的开头I’ve loved my mother’s desk…以及后面的Now the present of her desk told, as she’d never been able to…可知作者是托物思人，以表达自己对母亲的怀念之情，所以最佳标题应是C。

阅读理解细节题的套路在哪里呢？

• 强转折和 强对比处常考，unlike

but, however, although

攻略： 这些词之前不是重点，之后所表述的内容才是重点

A 具有X属性，B 与A 不同，问B有什么属性？   答案：非X属性

• 列举处或举例处常考

列举：first, second, third, finally, first of all, then, further, furthermore, besides, moreover

Which题型Except 题型---文章里面列举的点在阅读的过程中做好标示

举例：for example , for instance, such as, as, like, take …as an example

攻略—一般来说for example 前面的那句话是中心句

• 数字和年代常考

阅读的过程中把事件和年代圈出来

• 最高级和绝对含义常考

never, all, only, no , none, always, must

most, adj.+est, adv.+ est

攻略： 在阅读的时候把含有绝对化或最高级的那句话标上小红旗，还有要注意一些表达特殊感情的词

细节题在阅读理解中占比重很大，阅读时要特别注意以下几点：

首先，阅读时利用这类关键词和词组that is to say, above all, especially, mainly等，把握文章的思路和脉络。另外，在问题的选项中表示绝对意义的词least (最不)，always (总是)，never (永不)，all (所有)，none (一个也不)，any (任何) 和表示唯一性的词汇only (只有), just (仅仅)，往往是命题的陷阱，因此要多加注意。

其次，必须以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为依据，切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点、看法混为一谈。

最后，文章中的数字、日期、时间都是设题的重点，此类题目很少是文章中直接列出的数字或日期，通常需要做简单的计算。

细节理解题专项训练

Passage 1

Tea tree oil comes from the tea tree. The tree only grows in Northern New South Wales in Australia. We can find this kind of oil in the cells of the leaves. People there have used the oil for thousands of years. And there are stories of a “magical lagoon (神奇的环礁湖)”. People can find tea tree leaves there. Nowadays, every family in Australia has tea tree oil. It can help with everything from bad breath to all kinds of skin disease.

1. Tea tree can grow in ______.
2. America                               B. Austria                                  C. Australia
3. When did people in Northern South Wales begin to use tea tree oil?
4. Hundreds of years ago.         B. Thousands of years ago. C. Millions of years ago.
5. C。从in 及选项中三个单词可以看出，要选种植茶树的地方。从本段文字第2句The tree only grows in Northern New South Wales in Australia.可以看出，地点是在Australia (澳大利亚)，因此对照选项可知选C。应该特别注意的细节是：B选项Austria拼写相似，但却表示奥地利，是完全不同的两个国家。
6. B。考查 when的细节理解题。查看原文第4句People there have used the oil for thousands of years可知，是在数千年以前，因此选B。hundred, thousand, million虽一词之差，失之毫厘，谬以千里。

 

Passage 2

American boys and girls love to watch television. Some children spend six hours a day in school and four to six hours a day in front of the television set. Some even watch television for eight hours or more on Sunday.

3. Some children spend eight hours or more ______ on Sunday.
4. studying          B. playing             C. watching TV           D. helping their parents

 

Passage 3

You can collect stamps from letters, ask your friends to let you have their old stamps, or you can buy used stamps. When you get a letter with a stamp on it, carefully cut out the stamp. Leave lots of space around the stamp so that you will not damage it. Put the stamp in water and wait until you can safely remove the stamp. Carefully remove the stamp off the letter. Place the wet stamp between two clean pieces of paper. A stamp can get wrinkled (褶皱的) when it dries, so put some books on top.

4. What’s the correct order when we try to get a stamp on a letter?

①Remove the stamp off the letter.    ②Place the wet stamp between two pieces of paper.

③Cut out the stamp.          ④Put the stamp in water.           ⑤Put some books on top.

1. ①→②→⑤→③→④                             B. ③→④→①→②→⑤
2. ④→①→②→⑤→③                             D. ③→①→④→②→⑤
3. B。本题是一个排序题，看似复杂，其实用排除法做，可以省略很多步骤。从文中When you get a letter with a stamp on it, carefully cut out the stamp可知，首先是把邮票小心地剪切下来，正是③所描述的，所以排除A和C选项。接下来是Put the stamp in water and wait until you can safely remove the stamp放入水中，正是④所描述的，因此排除D选项。可以不考虑后面的步骤直接选择B。

 

Passage 4

I had the meanest (最刻薄的) mother in the whole world. While other kids ate candy for breakfast, I had to have porridge, eggs or toast. When others had Cokes and candy for lunch, I had to eat a sandwich. But at least I wasn’t alone when I was sad. My sister and two brothers had the same mean mother as I did.

5. 5. How many children does the writer’s mother have?
6. Four.                     B. Two.                      C. Three.                    D. Six.
7. A。题干的特殊疑问词是how many，文章没有直接点明有几个孩子，但是锁定文章第一段的最后一句My sister and two brothers had the same mean mother as I did，便可得知作者有一个姐妹和两个兄弟，最后还要记得把作者计算在内，这也是很多学生解题时容易忽略的地方，故答案为A。

 

Passage 5

When we cut down the rainforests, we destroy these forest people, too. In 1900, there were 1,000,000 forest people in the Amazon forest. In 1980, there were only 200,000.

6. 6. The number of the people living in the Amazon forest in 1980 was ______ of that in 1900.
7. half                       B. one-third                 C. two-fifths              D. one-fifth
8. D。由文章可知，1900年时住在亚马逊森林的人的数量是1,000,000，而1980年人数仅为200,000，200,000是1,000,000的1/5，所以答案为D。

 

Passage 6

Jack is a clerk of a bookstore. Here is the note from his boss, Ben. Jack has to decide what books to order according to the following note and the descriptions of the books.

Hi Jack,

You must hand in the order list of books to me by the first working day of every month...

7. 7. Jack must hand in the order list to his boss by ______.
8. the first day of last August                           B. the last working day of this month
9. the last day of next August                          D. the first working day of each month
10. D。本题是对具体事实中的时间概念进行设问，但是并不是直接引用文中的句子，而是通过人称、角色的转换而变相设置考点。句子You must hand in the order list of books to me by the first working day of every month是老板写给Jack必须要做的事情，而题干直接询问Jack必须做的事情，因此D是正确答案，提示：不论是题干中的by还是原文句子中的by都提供了直接获取信息的要素。

 

Some years ago, on a hot summer day, a little boy decide to go swimming in the river near his home.

He jumped into the water, but he didn't realize that a crocodile（鳄鱼）was swimming toward him. His mother was looking out the window and shouted to her son as loudly as she could. She ran toward the water and saw the two as they got closer and closer together.

Hearing her voice, the little boy became scared and made a U-turn to swim to his mother. It was too late. Just as he reached her, the crocodile reached him.

From the dock, the mother held her little boy by the arm just as the crocodile caught his legs. That began a tug-of-war(拨河）between the two.The crocodile was much stronger than the mother, but the mother was much too passionate to let it go. A farmer happened to driver by. When he heard her crying, he ran out from his truck, took aim and shot the crocodile.

Amazingly, after weeks and weeks in the hospital, the little boy survived. His legs were full of cuts from the accident. And on his arms were scars(伤疤）from his mother’s fingernails.

A newspaper reporter asked the boy if he would show him his scars. The boy lifted his pant legs. And then,he said to the reporter: “But look at my arms.I have great scars on my arms.too.I have them because my mom wouldn’t let me go.”

19. Hearing the mother’s voice, the boy            .
20. decided to beat the crocodile        B. became too frightened to swim
21. swam back towards his mother     D. still went on swimming forwards

 

20.The boy survived because of the following EXCEPT            .

1. a farmer's help                    B. the medical treatment
2. his mother's not letting go           D. his good swimming skills

 

21.Which sentence is TRUE according to the passage?

A.The boy’s legs were both scarred.            B.The boy’s mother lost her arms.

C.The crocodile bit the boy’s arms.            D.The boys mother was hurt badly by the crocodile.

 

22.What did the boy want to tell the reporter in the last paragraph?

1. How greatly the scars troubled him. B. How much his mother loved him.
2. What a brave and clever hero he was.     D. How deep the scars made by the crocodile were.