初中单项选择题句型及知识点

2023年9月14日20:45:25初中英语133阅读模式

中考单项选择题句型及知识点

1.Enjoy/like/love/be fond of doing sth. 喜欢做某事

eg:She is fond of doing chemical experiments. 她喜欢做化学实验。

2.Keep/keep on/carry on/go on doing sth. 继续做某事

eg:We keep on going on and on cause this is where we both belong. 让我们一直拥有,并走下去,因为这是我们俩共同拥有的。

3.Feel like doing sth. 想要做某事

eg:I feel like giving up on the job. 我觉得我不能从工作中摆脱出来。

4.Practice doing sth. 练习做某事

eg:They practice doing so quickly and accurately. 他们学习快而准确的做。

5.Give up doing sth. 放弃做某事

eg:If my boss asks me to do such kind of thing any more, I'll give up working. 如果我老板再要我做这样的事,我就辞职不干了。

6.Be good at/do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事

eg:For example, the Dutch do well in disposing of wastes. 欧洲就非常善于使用再生资源,例如:荷兰的垃圾。

7.Pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事

eg:We should pay attention to our behavior in public. 在公共场所应注意自己的言谈举止。

8.What about/how about doing sth. ……怎么样(好吗)?

eg:What about editing of the film? 这部电影的编辑怎么样呢?

9.Thank you for doing sth. 为……感谢某人

eg:Thank you for flying with us. 谢谢您乘坐我们的飞机。

10.Mind doing sth. 介意做某事

eg:Would you mind doing me a favour? 你介意帮我个忙吗?

11.Be used for doing sth./be used to do sth. 被用来做某事

eg:Computers are used to do many jobs in the office. 电脑在办公室被用来做很多事。

12.Spend… (in) doing sth. 花时间做某事

eg:How much time you spend doing daily exercise? 你每天花多少时间做运动?

13.Be busy doing/with sth. 忙于做某事

eg:He is busy with some important work. 他忙着处理一些重要的工作。

14.Finish doing sth. 做完某事

eg:You'd better finish doing your homework tonight. 你最好今晚完成家庭作业。

15.Make a contribution to doing sth. 在……做贡献

eg:We will try our best to make a contribution to lighting industry. 竭力为照明事业做出贡献!

16.Prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢……胜过……

eg:He prefers doing to talking. 他宁愿做,不愿说。

17.Be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事

eg:Life is not fair, get used to it. 生活是不公平的,但我们要适应它。

18.Keep/stop/prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

eg:Unless we get more funding, we'll be prevented from finishing our experimental programme. 除非我们得到更多的拨款,否则就会妨碍完成这项试验计划。

1.It's time to do sth./It's time for sth 该做某事的时候了

eg:Now it's time to sing alone. 现在是独自唱下去的时候了。

2.can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待要做某事

eg:We can't wait to have a try. 我们等不及想要常试一下了。

3.Ask/tell sb. (not ) to do sth. 要求/告诉某人(不)做某事

eg:Did I not tell you to help robbery/homicide? 难道我没有告诉你要去协助调查抢劫谋杀案么?

4.Allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

eg:As long as I am alive, I'll not allow you to do that. 只要我活着就不允许你做那件事。

5.Be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事

eg:I did everything right, everything I was supposed to do. 我做的一切都是正确的,我做了一切我该做的事。

6.Would like/want (sb.) to do sth. 想要做某事

eg:I would like some coffee. 我想要一点儿咖啡。

7.Have sth/nothing to do 与……有关/与……无关

eg:This thing has nothing to do with you. 这事和你一点关系也没有。

8.find it +adj. to do sth. 发觉做某事……

eg:I find it difficult to live with him. 我发现跟他生活在一起是很困难的。

9.Prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事,而不愿做某事

eg:I prefer to do hard work rather than do nothing at home. 我宁愿干重活而不愿在家无所事事。

10.It's +adj. for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说……

eg:It's difficult for women to get jobs in high position. 对妇女来说得到一个高职位的工作是很难的。

11.It's better/best to do sth. 最好做某事

eg:Generally, it's better to apply filler materials in thin layers. 一般来说,最好适用于薄层填充材料。

12.It takes sb/sth. to do sth. 某人做某事用了一些时间

eg:It takes some time to cultivate a new friendship. 建立一段新的友谊需要一段时间

一、词类:英语词类分十种:

名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。

1、名词(n.): 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.

2、代词(pron.): 主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it .

3、形容词(adj):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange .

4、数词(num.): 表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.

5、动词(v.): 表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see .

6、副词(adv.): 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.

7、冠词(art):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the.

8、介词(prep.): 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind.

9、连词(conj.): 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello.

二、句子成分:

英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)

2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)

3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)

4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)

有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)

有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)

5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如:

Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如:He works hard .(他工作努力)

7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如:They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)

☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如:Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里?)

构词法:

英语构词法主要有:合成法、派生法和转换法。

1、合成法:

如:spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。

2、派生法:

(1) 派生名词:①动词+er/or ②动词+ing ③动词+(t)ion ④形容词+ness ⑤其他,如:inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge

(2)派生形容词:①名词+y ②名词+ful ③动词+ing/ed ④friendly ⑤dangerous ⑥Chinese; Japanese ⑦English ⑧French ⑨German ⑩国名+(i)an 如:snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, following, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious

(3)派生副词:①形容词+ly ②其它,如:slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible→possibly等等。

3、转换法:

(1)形容词→动词,如:dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干), clean(干净的)→clean(打扫,弄干净),等等。

(2)动词→名词,如:look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。

(3)名词→动词,如:hand(手)→(传递),face(脸)→(面对)等等。

(4)形容词→副词,如:early→early, fast→fast等等。

(5)副词→连词,如:when(什么时候)→(当……时候),等等。

(6)介词→副词,如:in(到……里)→(在里面;在家),on(在……上)→(进行,继续),等等。

名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下:

(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如:Childern’s Day(儿童节), my sister’s book(我姐姐的书)

(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如:Teachers’ Day(教师节)

(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s. 如:

today’s newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes’ break(十分钟的课间休息),

China’s population(中国的人口).

(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如:

a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).

[注解]:

① ‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如:my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所)

② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如:Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)

③ “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如:a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)

一、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类:

1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。

专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。

如:Beijing, Tom, the People's Republic of China(中华人民共和国)

专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如:the Great Wall(长城)

姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如:the Greens(格林一家人)。

2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如:pupil, family, man, foot.

普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。

▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如:box, child, orange;

▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如:water, news, oil, population, information.

二、英语可数名词的单复数:

英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下:

①在单数名词词尾加s。如:map→maps, boy→boys, horse→horses, table→tables.

②s,o,x,sh,ch结尾的词加es。如:class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.

【注】少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如:photo→photos, piano→pianos.

③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如:family→families, city→cities, party→parties.

④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如:shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.

2、不规则变化:

man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese

不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如:a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk.

1、谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即:主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式:如:

The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)

The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)

2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时,

① 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如:

Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)

② 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如:

Class Three have a map of China.(三班有张中国地图)

3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如:

There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊)

There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊)

4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数:

The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋)

5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如:

The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买)

6、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如:

A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球)

A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句)

7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如:

The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果)

Fish and chips is very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品)

8、 there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如:

There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)

9、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如:

Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来)

10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如:

A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边)

11、either…or…或者 neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如:

Either you or he is right.(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的)

Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里)

12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如:

Two months is not a short time.(两个月不是个短时间)

Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离)。(两千千米是相当长的一段距离)

13、主语中含有half of… / three quarters of… / all (of) the …等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如:

Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的)

A third of the students were playing near the lake.(学生的三分之一(当时)正在湖边玩耍)

All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了)(被动句)

但是,population一词又有特殊情况:

What's the population of China?(中国人口是多少?)(句子用单数)

Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人)。(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用复数)

1、sport、game、match、race 的区别:

sport通常指“户外运动”,以锻炼为主,概念较大;

game意思是“运动、比赛”,不管户内户外还是脑力体力,指以胜负为主的运动;

match意为“竞赛、比赛”,多指正式比赛;race主要表示“赛跑、赛马、赛车”。

如:People all around the world enjoy sports.(全世界的人都喜爱运动)

The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.(2008奥运会将在北京举行)(被动句)

Our school football team won the league match(联赛)。(我们学校足球队取得了联赛冠军)

They were strong and won the boat race.(汤他们很棒,赢得了划艇比赛)

2、festival、holiday、vacation的区别:

festival“节日”,指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文娱活动;

holiday(假日、休息日),指法定假日或风俗习惯,复数可以表示一个较长的假期;

vacation“假期”,指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。

如:The Shanghai Television Festival will be held next month.(上海电视节将在下个月举行)

Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.(星期天是个假日,多数人不工作)

What are you going to do during the summer vacation/holidays?(在暑期你打算做什么事情?)

3、journey、tour、trip、travel的区别:

journey指在陆地上(或海上或空中)进行的长途旅行,不知终点,含有辛苦的意思;

tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,强调游览多处,常用来指观光等;

trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行,如出差度假等;

travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行,尤其指到国外,没有明确目的地,也作不可数名词,指旅行这一行为。

如:He made up his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行)

He has gone on a walking tour.(他步行观光去了)

He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar.(去年他去了上海好几次)

Did you go to Santiago(圣地亚哥) during your travels?(旅行期间你去圣地亚哥了吗?)

Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.(在密林里边穿行是很危险的)

4、sound、noise、voice的区别:

sound指各种声音;noise主要指“噪音”;

voice指人的“嗓音”。

如:The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠) / All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.(突然间传来几声枪响和一声尖叫) / The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.(因为感冒的缘故,这个歌唱家失去了她银铃般的嗓音)

5、fish的问题:

指许多条鱼且不管种类时,用fish,单复数相同;

fishes 指许多种类的鱼;fish指“鱼肉”时是不可数名词。

如:There are many kinds of fishes in the pool. (池子里有很多种类的鱼)

I prefer fish to meat.(与肉相比我更喜欢鱼)

 

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